Adenosine in Acute Myocardial Infarction-Associated Reperfusion Injury: Does it Still Have a Role?

The mainstay of acute myocardial infarction has long been timely reperfusion of the culprit obstruction. Reperfusion injury resulting from a multitude of pathophysiological processes has been demonstrated to negatively affect myocardial recovery and function post-infarction. Adenosine interacts directly with the sequential pathophysiological processes culminating in reperfusion injury by inhibiting them upstream.

Obstructive hydrocephalus and intracerebral mass secondary to .

Here we report a case of a 14-week-old girl with a history of intrauterine drug exposure and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy secondary to cardiac arrest requiring prolonged resuscitation at birth presented with irritability and a bulging anterior fontanelle. After neurosurgical resection, pathologic examination showed fungal hyphae, and was detected by fungal PCR and sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a central nervous system infection due to .

Inaccuracy of brachial blood pressure and its potential impact on treatment and aortic blood pressure estimation.

Objective: Although brachial cuff SBP is universally used to guide hypertension management, it can differ significantly from intraarterial SBP. We examine the potential impacts of cuff-to-intraarterial brachial SBP (bSBP) mismatch on hypertension treatment and accuracy towards central SBP.

Methods: In 303 individuals, cuff bSBP (CUFF-bSBP) and central SBP were measured using a Mobil-o-Graph simultaneously to intraarterial bSBP (IA-bSBP) and aortic SBP.

Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmark approach for femoral artery access in coronary angiography: A randomized controlled trial and a meta-analysis.

Objectives: The objective was to assess the effect of ultrasound (US)-guidance compared to the anatomical landmark (AL) approach in patients requiring femoral artery (FA) access for coronary angiography/percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).

Background: US-guidance has been proposed as a strategy to optimize FA access, potentially leading to decreased vascular complications.

Methods: Patients requiring FA access for coronary angiography/PCI were randomized to the US-guided or AL approaches.

Porcine model of intracoronary pulverization of stent struts by rotablation atherectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of rotablation atherectomy in a suboptimally expanded stent.

Methods: Seven pigs underwent suboptimal stent expansion in the left anterior descending coronary. Pulverization of the stent struts was performed by rotablation atherectomy with two different burr sizes.

The role of oxidized phospholipids, lipoprotein (a) and biomarkers of oxidized lipoproteins in chronically occluded coronary arteries in sudden cardiac death and following successful percutaneous revascularization.

Aims: OxPL are pro-inflammatory and may mediate atherogenesis, thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction. We studied the histological presence and temporal increases in oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein B-100 particles (OxPL/apoB), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and biomarkers of oxidized lipoproteins in subjects with chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO) with sudden cardiac death (SCD) and following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: Eight subjects with SCD and CTO and 33 patients with successful PCI of CTO were included.

Comparison of electrocardiographic recordings in open-chest and closed-chest swine models.

The aim of our study was to compare the electrocardiographic recordings in an experimental open-chest swine model before and after left-sided thoracotomy to detect any surgery-induced fluctuations that might interfere with subsequent experimental interventions. We obtained electrocardiograms from 8 deeply anesthetized domestic swine and compared the respective ST-segment potentials obtained after vascular surgery and after left-sided thoracotomy and dissection of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Compared with baseline recordings, no significant ST-segment deviation on any of the electrocardiographic leads occurred after vascular surgery.

Effects of distal embolization on the timing of platelet and inflammatory cell activation in interventional coronary no-reflow.

Introduction: Myocardial hypoperfusion following percutaneous coronary intervention, termed "no-reflow", may be initiated by distal coronary embolization. This study examined the effects of distal embolization on the extent and timing of inflammation and platelet activation in an experimental model of coronary no-reflow.

Material And Methods: A no-reflow model was established in 9 Yorkshire pigs by injecting incremental doses of biologically inert polystyrene microspheres into the left anterior descending artery every 20 minutes via a transit catheter.

Comparison of radial versus femoral approach for percutaneous coronary interventions in octogenarians.

Background: The safety and efficacy of a radial approach for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in octogenarians is not well established.

Methods: To evaluate the benefits of a radial approach for preventing vascular complications after PCI, clinical, procedural, and outcome data were prospectively collected and compared for 228 octogenarians undergoing elective PCI either through a radial or a femoral approach.

Results: Radial approach was associated with longer cannulation (3.

The cell cycle: a critical therapeutic target to prevent vascular proliferative disease.

Percutaneous coronary intervention is the preferred revascularization approach for most patients with coronary artery disease. However, this strategy is limited by renarrowing of the vessel by neointimal hyperplasia within the stent lumen (in-stent restenosis). Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation is a major component in this healing process.

Human-grade purified collagenase for the treatment of experimental arterial chronic total occlusion.

Purpose: Chronic total occlusions (CTO) remain a major limitation of percutaneous interventions. Procedural failure is usually due to the inability to cross the lesion with a guide wire. We have previously shown that local administration of a laboratory-grade collagenase followed by a 72-h waiting period may facilitate guide-wire crossing.

Intravenous phosphate in the intensive care unit: more aggressive repletion regimens for moderate and severe hypophosphatemia.

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and safety of aggressive correction of hypophosphatemia with intravenous potassium phosphate in the ICU.

Design And Setting: Randomized interventional prospective study in the medical and surgical ICU of a tertiary university hospital.

Patients: Critically ill patients with hypophosphatemia between June and November 1998.

Thyroid hormone, glucagon, and medium-chain fatty acids regulate transcription initiated from promoter 1 and promoter 2 of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha gene in chick embryo hepatocytes.

High-carbohydrate feeding and triiodothyronine (T3) increase the abundance of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha (ACC alpha) mRNA in avian hepatocytes, whereas starvation, glucagon, and medium-chain fatty acids decrease the abundance of ACC alpha mRNA. These changes in ACC alpha mRNA levels are mediated by alterations in the rate of transcription of the ACC alpha gene. In liver, ACC alpha transcription is initiated from two promoters, promoter 1 and promoter 2, resulting in transcripts that contain heterogeneity in their 5'-untranslated regions.

Subchronic silica exposure enhances respiratory defense mechanisms and the pulmonary clearance of Listeria monocytogenes in rats.

Both Listeria monocytogenes infection and silica exposure have been shown to significantly alter immune responses. In this study, we evaluated the effect of preexposure to silica on lung defense mechanisms using a rat pulmonary L. monocytogenes infection model.

Application of laser scanning confocal microscopy in the analysis of particle-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) allows us to simultaneously quantitate the degree of lung fibrosis and distinguish various pathological lesions of intact lung tissue. Lucifer Yellow has been shown an ideal fluorescent stain to examine the connective tissue matrix components of embedded lung tissue with LSCM. We evaluated the use of LSCM in quantitating lung fibrosis and compared this procedure with the more traditional method of assessing fibrosis by measuring hydroxyproline, a biochemical assay of collagen.

Structural characterization and tissue-specific expression of the mouse glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity differs among tissues and, in liver, with the dietary state of the mouse. Tissue-specific differences in G6PD activity in adipose tissue, liver, kidney, and heart were associated with similar differences in the amount of G6PD mRNA. Regulation of mRNA amount by dietary fat was only observed in liver.

Glucose stimulates transcription of fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme in avian hepatocytes.

Transcription of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME) in avian liver is low during starvation or feeding a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and high during feeding a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet. The role of glucose in the nutritional control of FAS and ME was investigated by determining the effects of this metabolic fuel on expression of FAS and ME in primary cultures of chick embryo hepatocytes. In the presence of triiodothyronine, glucose (25 mM) stimulated an increase in the activity and mRNA abundance of FAS and ME.

Arachidonate and medium-chain fatty acids inhibit transcription of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene in hepatocytes in culture.

Transcription of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in avian liver is low during starvation or after consumption of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and high during consumption of a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet. The role of fatty acids or metabolites derived from fatty acids in the nutritional control of acetyl-CoA carboxylase transcription was investigated by determining the effects of long- and medium-chain fatty acids on acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression in primary cultures of chick embryo hepatocytes. Palmitate, oleate, and arachidonate caused a decrease in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity in hepatocytes incubated with triiodothyronine (T3).

Triiodothyronine stimulates and glucagon inhibits transcription of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene in chick embryo hepatocytes: glucose and insulin amplify the effect of triiodothyronine.

The mechanisms by which triiodothyronine (T3), glucose, insulin, and glucagon regulate acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression in primary cultures of chick embryo hepatocytes have been investigated. Incubating hepatocytes with T3 in the absence of glucose caused a fourfold increase in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity. Addition of glucose (20 mM) enhanced the T3-induced increase in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity by threefold but had no effect on enzyme activity in the absence of T3.

Alterations in nutritional status regulate acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression in avian liver by a transcriptional mechanism.

Feeding previously starved chicks with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet stimulates a 9-fold increase in both the rate of synthesis of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and the abundance of its mRNA in liver. To define the steps involved in mediating diet-induced changes in the abundance of ACC mRNA, transcriptional activity was measured with the nuclear run-on assay and multiple DNA probes specific to the ACC gene. ACC transcription was low in livers of starved chicks; feeding them with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet induced ACC transcription, increasing it 11-fold.