An Observational Study of Genetic Diversity of HIV-1 in Rapid Progressors in India.

Background: The genetic diversity in HIV-1 genes affects viral pathogenesis in HIV-1 positive patients. Accessory genes of HIV-1, including , are reported to play a critical role in HIV pathogenesis and disease progression. has a crucial role in CD4 degradation and virus release.

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase - type carbapenemases producing isolates from hospitalized patients: A pilot study.

Background & Objectives: Resistances to carbapenem group of antimicrobials among Escherichia coli due to production of carbapenemases, especially the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) types, pose serious challenges in the treatment of infections in healthcare settings. This study was undertaken to detect NDM producing E. coli isolates from hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection (UTI).

Family-Centered Care to Complement Care of Sick Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To assess the impact of family-centered care in delivery of care to sick newborns, on nosocomial infection rate.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Tertiary referral nursery (October 2010 to March 2012).

Group B Streptococcal Colonization Among Pregnant Women in Delhi, India.

Background: Little is known regarding maternal group B streptococcal (GBS) colonization prevalence and capsular (CPS) serotype distribution among pregnant women in India. The objective of this prospective cohort study was to determine GBS recto-vaginal colonization prevalence in pregnant women at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital in Delhi, India.

Serotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections in Pediatric Population in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pediatric population are associated with high morbidity and long term complications. In recent years, there is increased prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains producing extended spectrum β-lactamase, Amp C, and Metallo β-lactamase, making the clinical management even more difficult.

Urinary tract infection: aetiology and antimicrobial resistance pattern in infants from a tertiary care hospital in northern India.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in childhood. Present study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of the uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in infants (< 1yr) suspected with UTI.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted in the Microbiology Department on urine samples received from infants for a period of two years from September 2011 to August 2013.

Sequence heterogeneity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef in patients presenting with rapid progression and delayed progression to AIDS.

Genetic heterogeneity in the nef genes from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected rapid progressors (RPs) and long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) was analyzed to identify various amino acid substitutions responsible for the discernible difference in disease progression. It was found that the majority of the strains characterized belonged to subtype C, followed by several BC recombinants and subtype A1. Complete nef subtype C sequences from 33 RPs and seven LTNPs were compared, and it was observed that, in the majority of the sequences from both groups, highly conserved functional motifs showed subtle changes.

Changing antimicrobial resistance observed at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.

Monitoring antimicrobial resistance patterns meticulously and discussing them in multi-speciality forums can guide the usage of and help in judiciously utilising antibiotic resources. This study was done to compare the antimicrobial resistance trends observed over a period of two years at a tertiary care super-speciality hospital in Delhi. Microbiological data was collected for the years 2008 and 2009 and comparisons were made in the number of different isolates received, their antibiograms and changes in their resistance trends.

Tuberculous liver abscess in an immunocompetent adult male--a rare presentation.

A 20 year old young male was admitted to our hospital with complaints of pain in upper abdomen right side, anorexia and loss of weight. Ultrasonography of the upper abdomen revealed a hypoechoic area in the left lobe of liver. Entertaining the possibility of pyogenic or amoebic lesion, the patient was started on ofloxacin and metronidazole.

Nasal rhinosporiodiosis from uttar pradesh (India). a non-endemic zone: first case report.

Rhinosporiodiosis is a cosmopolitan disease of man and animals, endemic in India and Sri Lanka with main focus of infection in Southern Tamil Nadu. Uttar Pradesh (UP) is not known to be an endemic zone for this disease .We present here the first case of nasal Rhinosporiodiosis from this non-endemic zone.

A finding of live Fasciolopsis buski in an ileostomy opening.

A pair of live Fasciolopsis buski wriggled their way out through the ileostomy opening in a young adult male who had recently migrated to Delhi and had met with a road traffic accident. Finding this parasite in the national capital, a non endemic area for Fasciolopsiasis, prompted us to emphasize the importance of changes in the ecology, human demography, and human behaviour that may provide an environment conducive to their adaptability to the new geographical requirements. Awareness of Fasciolopsiasis, which is endemic in some regions of India, especially in rural settings, is an important issue because early diagnosis is essential.

Rhinocerebral zygomycosis with pulmonary aspergillosis in a non-HIV-infected patient: an unusual case report from India.

Zygomycosis and aspergillosis are two serious opportunistic fungal infections that are commonly seen in immunocompromised patients. Since both these fungi invade vessels of the arterial system, an early and rapid diagnosis by direct examination of KOH mounts of the relevant clinical sample can confirm the diagnosis. Here, we present an unusual case of a diabetic patient who presented with nasal blockade and bleeding for 2 months, along with occasional haemoptysis for 15 days.

Recent outbreak of meningococcal meningitis--a microbiological study with brief review of literature.

Meningococcal disease presents in various clinical forms, most common being meningitis and meningococcemia. A spurt of meningococcal cases was seen in medicine and pediatric wards of Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital during the recent outbreak from Dec 2005 - June 2006.

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi from a case of breast abscess.

Enteric fever is an acute systemic febrile infection caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. Breast abscess due to S. typhi infection is a rare sequelae.

Infection control practices for avian influenza in healthcare facilities.

Most of the cases of avian influenza infecting human are the results of people having direct or close contact with H5N 1 infected poultry or H5N1 contaminated surface. Increased vigilance and surveillance are the need of the hour to prevent avian influenza virus to humans. In healthcare settings persons suspected or confirmed to have avian influenza should be cared for with standard precautions which apply to all patients by all healthcare workers.

Unusual presentation of enteric fever: three cases of splenic and liver abscesses due to Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A.

Enteric fever is a multisystem disorder caused mainly by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A. It continues to be a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. Unusual presentations of Salmonellosis are rare.

Fatal case of Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae gastroenteritis in an infant with microcephaly.

Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae is a common gut inhabitant of reptiles, with snakes as the most common reservoir. Though human cases due to this organism are exceedingly rare, it may infect young infants and immunocompromised individuals with a history of intimate associations with reptiles.