'Would I risk it again?' The long-term impacts of a traumatic birth, as experienced by fathers.

Background: Extensive research has explored the impact of traumatic births on mothers, capturing enduring adverse outcomes as well as post-traumatic growth. The literature on fathers' experiences of birth trauma is more limited and little is known of the ongoing impact. The present study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of attending a traumatic birth.

How to do digital Advice and Guidance well.

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated a rapid expansion of digital Advice and Guidance (A&G) across UK medical and surgical specialties. Dermatology A&G requests have increased by over 400% since the onset of the pandemic in 2020, with rapid expansion of teledermatology A&G services across England. Dermatology A&G is usually carried out asynchronously through dedicated digital platforms such as the National Health Service e-referral service, with streamlined conversion to referral if clinically indicated.

Safety, tolerability and viral kinetics during SARS-CoV-2 human challenge in young adults.

Since its emergence in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused hundreds of millions of cases and continues to circulate globally. To establish a novel SARS-CoV-2 human challenge model that enables controlled investigation of pathogenesis, correlates of protection and efficacy testing of forthcoming interventions, 36 volunteers aged 18-29 years without evidence of previous infection or vaccination were inoculated with 10 TCID of a wild-type virus (SARS-CoV-2/human/GBR/484861/2020) intranasally in an open-label, non-randomized study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04865237 ; funder, UK Vaccine Taskforce).

Pilot parallel randomised controlled trial of protective socks against usual care to reduce skin tears in high risk people: 'STOPCUTS'.

Background: Skin tears are common in older adults and those taking steroids and warfarin. They are traumatic, often blunt injuries caused by oblique knocks to the extremities. The epidermis may separate from the dermis or both layers from underlying tissues leaving a skin flap or total loss of tissue, which is painful and prone to infection.

Pilot randomised controlled trial of protective socks against usual care to reduce skin tears in high risk people "STOPCUTS": study protocol.

Background: Skin tears are traumatic injuries occurring mostly on the extremities due to shearing and friction forces that separate the epidermis and the dermis from underlying tissues. They are common and occur mostly in older adults and those taking medications that compromise skin integrity. Pretibial skin tears can develop into leg ulcers, which require lengthy, expensive treatment to heal.

Translating Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) scores into clinical practice by suggesting severity strata derived using anchor-based methods.

Background: The Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) is a validated, patient-derived assessment measure for monitoring atopic eczema severity, although further information on how different POEM scores translate into disease severity categories is needed for clinical trials, epidemiological research and audit.

Objectives: We sought to determine the relationship between Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) scores (range 0-28) and two Global Questions (GQ1 and 2) concerning patients'/parents' views of the overall severity of their/their child's atopic eczema, in order to stratify POEM scores into five severity bands.

Methods: POEM scores and GQs were completed by 300 patients from general practice and 700 patients from dermatology outpatient clinics, including 300 adults aged ≥ 16 years and 700 children.

Towards global consensus on outcome measures for atopic eczema research: results of the HOME II meeting.

The use of nonstandardized and inadequately validated outcome measures in atopic eczema trials is a major obstacle to practising evidence-based dermatology. The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative is an international multiprofessional group dedicated to atopic eczema outcomes research. In June 2011, the HOME initiative conducted a consensus study involving 43 individuals from 10 countries, representing different stakeholders (patients, clinicians, methodologists, pharmaceutical industry) to determine core outcome domains for atopic eczema trials, to define quality criteria for atopic eczema outcome measures and to prioritize topics for atopic eczema outcomes research.

Pyoderma gangrenosum in association with autoimmune neutropenia of infancy.

We report the case of a 10-month-old girl who presented with a spontaneous ulcer on the left buttock which failed to heal despite antibiotic therapy. Histology showed changes consistent with pyoderma gangrenosum and the ulcer resolved rapidly with super-potent topical steroids under occlusion. Blood tests revealed a persistent neutropenia.

Comprehensive gene expression profiling of rat lung reveals distinct acute and chronic responses to cigarette smoke inhalation.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a smoking-related disease that lacks effective therapies due partly to the poor understanding of disease pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify molecular pathways that could be responsible for the damaging consequences of smoking. To do this, we employed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to analyze differences in global gene expression, which we then related to the pathological changes induced by cigarette smoke (CS).

Measuring atopic eczema severity visually: which variables are most important to patients?

Background: There is wide variation in the objective visual variables used to measure atopic eczema severity in clinical trials, making comparison and interpretation of results difficult.

Objective: To provide a rationale for simplifying and standardizing objective atopic eczema scoring by investigating which visual variables provide the best measure of disease severity from the patient's perspective.

Setting: The dermatology outpatient department at the Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital in Nottingham, and 5 local general practices.

The patient-oriented eczema measure: development and initial validation of a new tool for measuring atopic eczema severity from the patients' perspective.

Objective: To develop a simple, valid, repeatable, and readily understandable patient-oriented assessment measure for monitoring disease activity in children and adults with atopic eczema.

Design: Qualitative semistructured patient interviews identified a list of symptoms of atopic eczema. These symptoms were quantitatively analyzed in a larger patient population to identify which symptoms were important to patients and amenable to monitoring as part of a scoring system.

Measuring atopic dermatitis severity in randomized controlled clinical trials: what exactly are we measuring?

Well-designed clinical trials are a fundamental aspect of evidence-based medicine. Such trials are dependent on the use of valid, reliable, and relevant outcome measures. Wide variation in outcome methodology can have important detrimental effects on the correct interpretation and comparison of results.

Reliability testing of the Six Area, Six Sign Atopic Dermatitis severity score.

Background: The Six Area, Six Sign Atopic Dermatitis (SASSAD) severity score is an objective atopic eczema severity index designed principally to assess response to treatment in therapeutic trials. Validity has been demonstrated in single and multicentre clinical trials, although data on the reliability of the index have not previously been published.

Objectives: To assess inter- and intraobserver variability of the SASSAD index.

Bowen's disease, solar keratoses and superficial basal cell carcinomas treated by photodynamic therapy using a large-field incoherent light source.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has not yet been demonstrated to be superior to conventional treatment in the treatment of superficial skin cancers and premalignant skin conditions. A limitation for PDT is the absence to date of a light source suitable for the treatment of larger lesions or 'field changes' where several lesions are present on one anatomical site.

Objectives: To investigate the safety and efficacy of a large field light source, the Waldmann PDT 1200, in the treatment of Bowen's disease (BD), superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and solar keratoses (SKs).

Outcome measures of disease severity in atopic eczema.

Background: An essential component of evidence-based medicine is the use of valid and reliable outcome measures in clinical trials. There is much confusion in the field of atopic eczema regarding how to best measure disease severity objectively.

Objective: To establish the extent to which existing objective clinical scales for atopic eczema have been tested for validity, reliability, sensitivity to change, and acceptability.

Topical corticosteroid phobia in patients with atopic eczema.

Topical corticosteroids are widely prescribed by dermatologists caring for patients with atopic eczema. Patients' fears about using topical corticosteroids may have important implications for compliance with treatment. We carried out a questionnaire-based study of 200 dermatology outpatients with atopic eczema (age range 4 months-67.

The Nottingham Eczema Severity Score: preliminary refinement of the Rajka and Langeland grading.

A method for assessing disease severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children has been developed for population-based research. Based on an index first described by Rajka and Langeland in 1989, disease severity is determined by evaluating the three elements of clinical course, disease intensity and extent of examined AD. This paper describes development of the index for use in epidemiological studies based on a community-based study of 290 pre-school children (aged 1-5 years).

Characterization of photosensitivity in the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: a new congenital photosensitivity syndrome.

Photosensitivity has recently been reported as a feature of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLO). The aim of this study was to establish the photobiological features of this disorder and to examine the hypothesis that the photosensitivity is caused by the high levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol found in SLO. All known cases of SLO in the U.