Four-dimensional computed tomography: musculoskeletal applications.

Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), or dynamic CT, is an emerging modality with a wealth of orthopedic applications for both clinical practice and research. This technology creates CT volumes of a moving structure at multiple time points to depict real-time motion. Recent advances in acquisition technology and reduction in radiation dosage have allowed for increased adoption of the modality and have made imaging of joint motion feasible and safe.

In Vivo Syndesmotic Motion After Rigid and Flexible Fixation Using 4-Dimensional Computerized Tomography.

Introduction: Maintaining reduction after syndesmotic injury is crucial to patient function; however, malreduction remains common. Flexible suture button fixation may allow more physiologic motion of the syndesmosis compared with rigid screw fixation. Conventional syndesmotic imaging fails to account for physiologic syndesmotic motion with ankle range of motion (ROM), providing misleading results.

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis of Normal Syndesmotic Motion.

Background: The syndesmosis ligament complex stabilizes the distal tibiofibular joint while allowing for small amounts of physiologic motion. When injured, malreduction of the syndesmosis is the most important factor that contributes to inferior functional outcomes. Syndesmotic reduction is a dynamic measure, which is not adequately captured by conventional computed tomography (CT).

Presurgical language fMRI and postsurgical deficits: a single centre experience.

Background: In this study, we conducted a retrospective investigation of our initial single-centre experience with the clinical use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of hemisphere dominance for language processing (i.e., language lateralization).