Effect of bilateral scalp nerve blocks on postoperative pain and discharge times in patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy and general anesthesia: a randomized-controlled trial.

Purpose: Post-craniotomy pain is a common clinical issue and its optimal management remains incompletely studied. Utilization of a regional scalp block has the potential advantage of reducing perioperative pain and opioid consumption, thereby facilitating optimal postoperative neurologic assessment. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of regional scalp block on post-craniotomy pain and opioid consumption.

Anesthetic approach to high-risk patients and prolonged awake craniotomy using dexmedetomidine and scalp block.

Background: Awake craniotomy with intraoperative speech or motor testing is relatively contraindicated in cases requiring prolonged operative times and in patients with severe medical comorbidities including anxiety, anticipated difficult airway, obesity, large tumors, and intracranial hypertension. The anesthetic management of neurosurgical patients who possess these contraindications but would be optimally treated by an awake procedure remains unclear.

Methods: We describe a new anesthetic approach for awake craniotomy that did not require any airway manipulation, utilizing a bupivacaine-based scalp nerve block, and dexmedetomidine as the primary hypnotic-sedative agent.

Rehabilitation outcomes after anoxic brain injury: a case-controlled comparison with traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To investigate the functional outcomes of patients with anoxic brain injury (AnBI) compared with control patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during inpatient rehabilitation.

Design: Matched case-controlled design.

Setting: Inpatient neurorehabilitation program.

Are accurate witnesses more likely to make absolute judgments?

The present study tested the Two-Judgment Theory of Eyewitness Identification Accuracy. Specifically, the extent to which participants were able to engage in an absolute judgment strategy was manipulated by varying the time available to view a lineup. Providing a limited exposure to a lineup should "interrupt" decision making, whereby witnesses can only engage a relative strategy, thus leading to higher false positive responding given a target-absent lineup.

Does methodology matter in eyewitness identification research? The effect of live versus video exposure on eyewitness identification accuracy.

The present study examined the effect of mode of target exposure (live versus video) on eyewitness identification accuracy. Adult participants (N=104) were exposed to a staged crime that they witnessed either live or on videotape. Participants were then asked to rate their stress and arousal levels prior to being presented with either a target-present or -absent simultaneous lineup.