Blood pressure response of neonates to tracheal intubation.

Blood pressure and pulse rate responses to tracheal intubation were studied by oscillotonometric technique in 45 term neonates and 15 infants of similar postconceptual age. No hypertensive response was found in neonates intubated awake and pressures did not differ from those of babies intubated under halothane or after thiopentone and muscle relaxant. The infants did however show a significant increase in systolic and diastolic pressures which indicates that this response may develop after the first month of life.

An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy.

Changes in the organisation and composition of extracellular matrix in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy have been assessed by immunofluorescence. Amongst interstitial components, type-III and type V-collagens and fibronectin are present in endometrial stroma throughout the menstrual cycle as well as in first trimester decidua. Type V-collagen epitopes are masked early in the cycle, but become accessible in first trimester decidua.

Neutrophil mobility during anaesthesia in children. A trial of ascorbate premedication.

In 20 healthy children undergoing elective surgery, mobility of neutrophils, both unstimulated and stimulated by endotoxin, was studied using a millipore filter system with microscopic determination of leading front migration. Paired samples were incubated with 10(-2) mol l-1 calcium ascorbate and ten children also received 10 mg kg-1 ascorbic acid before premedication. Stimulation of mobility was reduced after the opioid premedication (P less than 0.

Ventilation, ventilatory carbon dioxide and hormonal response during halothane anaesthesia and surgery in children after midazolam premedication.

In 14 intubated, spontaneously breathing children with body weight (bw) ranging from 8.3 to 25.6 kg, the influence of midazolam 0.

Ventilatory responses to inspiratory mechanical loads in spontaneously breathing children during halothane anaesthesia.

The effect of the addition of two different resistive loads (producing 23 and 36 cmH2O (2.26 and 3.53 kPa) 1(-1) s-1, respectively, at 71 min-1) on minute volume, tidal volume, respiratory rate, duration of inspiration and inspiratory drive was studied in six intubated children during nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane anaesthesia.

Ventilation and ventilatory CO2 response in children during halothane anaesthesia after non-opioid (midazolam) and opioid (papaveretum) premedication.

The influence of non-opioid (NO) and opioid (O) premedication on ventilation and ventilatory CO2 response was studied in 18 spontaneously breathing children during halothane anaesthesia. Eight patients in Group NO and 10 in Group O were comparable in age, body weight and type of surgery performed. The sedative effect was evaluated and measurements by pneumotachography and in-line capnography were made immediately after induction of sleep, just before the start of surgery, during surgery and after surgery both before and after 3 min of about 2% CO2 inhalation.

Children's return to school after treatment for solid tumours.

Great advances have been made in recent years in the treatment of children's cancers. Consequently, increasing numbers are now returning to school. The pilot study described in this paper looks at the problems experienced by some of these children, their teachers and parents, and some of the solutions which have been found, with a view to eventually taking some action to help the situation.

Ventilatory responses to rebreathing and carbon dioxide inhalation during anaesthesia in children.

In 12 spontaneously breathing intubated children (9.3-25 kg), ventilatory responses to rebreathing and to the inhalation of carbon dioxide (CO2) were investigated during halothane anaesthesia for minor surgical procedures. A T-piece (Mapleson F system) was used, modified by the insertion of a pneumotachograph and a paediatric airway adaptor of an in-line capnograph in the patient limb.

Endocrine response to surgery in children after premedication with midazolam or papaveretum.

The effect of two premedications on the sympatho-adrenal and endocrine stress-response to minor surgery under halothane anaesthesia was investigated in 16 children. One group (n = 9) was premedicated with midazolam, 0.1 mg kg-1, and atropine 0.

Ventilatory responses of children to changes in deadspace volume. Studies using the T-piece (Mapleson F) system.

Twelve patients (4.3-25.3 kg) undergoing minor surgical procedures were investigated during halothane anaesthesia with spontaneous breathing through a modified T-piece (Mapleson F) with an apparatus deadspace that could be changed from 2 ml (VDsmall) to 16 ml (VDlarge).

Comparison of morbidity between inpatients and outpatients following gynaecological laparoscopy.

Fifty-one inpatients and 58 outpatients undergoing elective gynaecological laparoscopy under general anaesthesia were investigated for post-operation morbidity by means of questionnaires. A high incidence of morbidity was found in both groups extending into the second day, with no marked difference between the two groups.

Ventilatory response during halothane and enflurane anaesthesia.

In six children with body weights between 11.4-18.7 kg, minute ventilation, tidal volume, respiratory rate, end-tidal CO2 concentration and CO2 elimination were measured during both CO2 free breathing and CO2 breathing due to low fresh gas flows (maximal inspired CO2 about 2%) or the addition of CO2 from Rotameters (mean inspired CO2 about 1.

Children's opinions about smoking.

A survey of the smoking habits and opinions of over 15,000 children aged 8-19 years, in full or part-time education, was carried out in northern England in December 1982. Highly significant differences were observed between the opinions of smokers and non-smokers on the reasons for and against smoking. There were dramatic variations with age: the youngest children, smokers and non-smokers, tended to support the visual aspects of smoking, while the older ones were largely in favour of the supposed psychological and physiological benefits to smokers themselves.

Accuracy of prediction of fresh gas flow requirements during spontaneous breathing with the T-piece.

In 40 spontaneously breathing children (7.3-47.9 kg) anaesthetized with halothane for minor surgical procedures the fresh gas flow (FGF) at onset of rebreathing (FGFr) was determined and end-tidal CO2 concentration (ETCO2), minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT) and respiratory rates (f) were registered.

Children's coughs related to parental smoking.

A survey of the smoking habits, attitudes, and background of over 15 000 8-19 year olds in northern England in December 1982 showed a positive correlation between parental smoking and the reporting of frequent coughs by children who had never smoked. This was especially pronounced in the youngest children. Thirty five per cent of boys under 11 who had never smoked and whose parents did not smoke reported frequent coughs; with one parent smoking this increased to 42%, and when both parents smoked the proportion was 48%.

Young people's knowledge of the cervical smear test.

A sample of three hundred and forty-eight 16 and 17-year-old students (120 boys and 228 girls) on a range of vocational courses were asked a number of questions about the cervical smear test in October 1980. 10% of the boys and 27% of the girls selected "smear" as a word they would associate with cancer, but only 3.3% of the boys and 9.

Health education and the teacher's role.

Health education is receiving increased attention in English schools. A currently favoured method of incorporating it into the curriculum is to include relevant parts of it in all subjects. Some teachers however are unwilling to include a health education topic in their teaching.

Cardiac arrest during transurethral prostatectomy after absorption of 1.5% glycine. A case report and review of the literature.

A case of cardiovascular collapse which resulted from intravascular absorption of irrigation fluid during transurethral prostatectomy is reported, with a brief review of the literature.