Accuracy of Rhythm Diagnostic Systems' MultiSense in Detection of Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Respiratory Rate During Hypoxia in Humans: Effects of Skin Color and Device Localization.

The continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation (SpO) and respiratory rates (RRs) are major clinical issues in many cardio-respiratory diseases and have been of tremendous importance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The early detection of hypoxemia was crucial since it precedes significant complications, and SpO follow-up allowed early hospital discharge in patients needing oxygen therapy. Nevertheless, fingertip devices showed some practical limitations.

Cannabis (THC) Aggravates the Deleterious Effects of Alcohol (EtOH) on Skeletal Muscles' Mitochondrial Respiration: Modulation by Age and Metabolic Phenotypes.

The anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of cannabis might be useful to treat muscle diseases, including those linked or not to alcohol. Nevertheless, delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and ethanol (EtOH), often used concomitantly, can have deleterious effects on cardiac mitochondria. We therefore determined whether EtOH, alone and associated with THC, impairs skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration.

Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vasculopathy in Acute and Long-Term COVID-19: A Review.

Despite the end of the pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a major public health concern. The first waves of the virus led to a better understanding of its pathogenesis, highlighting the fact that there is a specific pulmonary vascular disorder. Indeed, COVID-19 may predispose patients to thrombotic disease in both venous and arterial circulation, and many cases of severe acute pulmonary embolism have been reported.

Targeting Mitochondrial Dynamics during Lower-Limb Ischemia Reperfusion in Young and Old Mice: Effect of Mitochondrial Fission Inhibitor-1 (mDivi-1).

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) strikes more than 200 million people worldwide and has a severe prognosis by potentially leading to limb amputation and/or death, particularly in older patients. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress play major roles in this disease in relation with ischemia-reperfusion (IR) cycles. Mitochondrial dynamics through impairment of fission-fusion balance may contribute to skeletal muscle pathophysiology, but no data were reported in the setting of lower-limb IR despite the need for new therapeutic options.

Sarcopenia assessed by DXA and hand-grip dynamometer: a potential marker of damage, disability and myokines imbalance in inflammatory myopathies.

Objectives: To assess the ability of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and hand-grip dynamometer to measure damage in inflammatory myopathies (IM).

Methods: Forty adult IM patients with a disease duration ≥12 months, low or no disease activity for ≥6 months, were prospectively enrolled. Thirty healthy age and sex-matched volunteers were enrolled as controls.

Long Term Follow-Up of Sarcopenia and Malnutrition after Hospitalization for COVID-19 in Conventional or Intensive Care Units.

Background: The post-COVID-19 condition, defined as COVID-19-related signs and symptoms lasting at least 2 months and persisting more than 3 months after infection, appears now as a public health issue in terms of frequency and quality of life alterations. Nevertheless, few data are available concerning long term evolution of malnutrition and sarcopenia, which deserve further attention.

Method: Sarcopenia was investigated prospectively, together with weight evolution, at admission and at 3 and 6 months after hospital discharge in 139 COVID-19 patients, using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria, associating both decreased muscle strength and muscle mass, assessed, respectively, with hand dynamometer and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Reduced Flow-Mediated Dilatation Is Not Related to COVID-19 Severity Three Months after Hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide, with more than two million deaths. Evidence indicates the critical role of the vascular endothelium in its pathophysiology but, like potential changes in functional vasodilation, the vascular effect of SARS-CoV-2 at a given distance from the acute infection is largely unknown. We assessed brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in 27 COVID-19 patients needing conventional or intensive care unit hospitalization, three months after SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis and in nine age- and sex- matched control subjects.

Should we screen patients for carotid artery disease before lung cancer resection?

Background: Postoperative stroke is a rare complication after lung cancer surgery but has a high mortality rate. No strategy has been recommended to detect carotid artery disease preoperatively in lung cancer patients. The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether a routine carotid duplex ultrasound (DUS) altered the preoperative management of these patients.

[Variation in ventilatory response to CO in patients treated by non-invasive ventilation].

Introduction: There are many mechanisms for improving the clinical and blood gas status of patients with the obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by non-invasive ventilation (NIV) at home. Our objective was to set up a pilot study to evaluate the potential modification of the sensitivity of the respiratory centers to CO by NIV in paired new COPD and OHS patients.

Methods: We assessed the sensitivity of the respiratory centers to CO by the Read method in 3 COPD patients and 3 OHS patients newly treated by NIV and again 3 months later.

[Approaches to the pre-operative functional assessment of patients with lung cancer and preoperative rehabilitation].

Surgery is the best treatment for early lung cancer but requires a preoperative functional evaluation to identify patients who may be at a high risk of complications or death. Guideline algorithms include a cardiological evaluation, a cardiopulmonary assessment to calculate the predicted residual lung function, and identify patients needing exercise testing to complete the evaluation. According to most expert opinion, exercise tests have a very high predictive value of complications.

New Insights into the Implication of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Tissue, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, and Platelets during Lung Diseases.

Lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary arterial hypertension, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Complex, their physiopathology is multifactorial and includes lung mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, which deserves increased attention. Further, and importantly, circulating blood cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells-(PBMCs) and platelets) likely participate in these systemic diseases.

Radiation-induced lung toxicity predictors: Retrospective analysis of 90 patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage I non-small-cell lung carcinoma.

Background: The main complication after hypofractionated radiotherapy for lung carcinoma is radiation-induced lung toxicity, which can be divided into radiation pneumonitis (acute toxicity, occurring within 6 months) and lung fibrosis (late toxicity, occurring after 6 months). The literature describes several predictive factors related to the patient, to the tumor (volume, central location), to the dosimetry and to biological factors.

Materials And Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of 90 patients treated with stereotactic body irradiation for stage I non-small-cell lung carcinoma between December 2010 and May 2015.

Skeletal and Respiratory Muscle Dysfunctions in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease, which leads to the progressive loss and remodeling of the pulmonary vessels, right heart failure, and death. Different clinical presentations can be responsible for such a bad prognosis disease and the underlying mechanisms still need to be further examined. Importantly, skeletal and respiratory muscle abnormalities largely contribute to the decreased quality of life and exercise intolerance observed in patients with PAH.

The Endocrine Function of the Heart: Physiology and Involvements of Natriuretic Peptides and Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases in Heart Failure.

Besides pumping, the heart participates in hydro-sodium homeostasis and systemic blood pressure regulation through its endocrine function mainly represented by the large family of natriuretic peptides (NPs), including essentially atrial natriuretic (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptides (BNP). Under normal conditions, these peptides are synthesized in response to atrial cardiomyocyte stretch, increase natriuresis, diuresis, and vascular permeability through binding of the second intracellular messenger's guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) to specific receptors. During heart failure (HF), the beneficial effects of the enhanced cardiac hormones secretion are reduced, in connection with renal resistance to NP.

Activation of Resolution Pathways to Prevent and Fight Chronic Inflammation: Lessons From Asthma and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Formerly considered as a passive process, the resolution of acute inflammation is now recognized as an active host response, with a cascade of coordinated cellular and molecular events that promotes termination of the inflammatory response and initiates tissue repair and healing. In a state of immune fitness, the resolution of inflammation is contained in time and space enabling the restoration of tissue homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that poor and/or inappropriate resolution of inflammation participates in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, extending in time the actions of pro-inflammatory mechanisms, and responsible in the long run for excessive tissue damage and pathology.

Respiratory sound analysis in the era of evidence-based medicine and the world of medicine 2.0.

Objective: This paper describes the state of the art, scientific publications, and ongoing research related to the methods of analysis of respiratory sounds.

Methods And Material: Narrative review of the current medical and technological literature using Pubmed and personal experience.

Results: We outline the various techniques that are currently being used to collect auscultation sounds and provide a physical description of known pathological sounds for which automatic detection tools have been developed.

Pulmonary hemodynamics responses to hypoxia and/or CO inhalation during moderate exercise in humans.

In this study, we hypothesized that adding CO to an inhaled hypoxic gas mixture will limit the rise of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) induced by a moderate exercise. Eight 20-year-old males performed four constant-load exercise tests on cycle at 40% of maximal oxygen consumption in four conditions: ambient air, normobaric hypoxia (12.5% O), inhaled CO (4.

[Vocal cord dyskinesia and/or asthma].

Introduction: Vocal cord dyskinesia or vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is characterized by intermittent abnormal adduction of the vocal cords leading to airflow limitation at the level of the larynx, in the absence of local organic disease. It may occur in isolation or in association with asthma. The pathophysiology is complex and poorly understood.

Lung segmentectomy: does it offer a real functional benefit over lobectomy?

Anatomical segmentectomy has been developed to offer better pulmonary function preservation than lobectomy, in stage IA lung cancer. Despite the retrospective nature of most of the studies and the lack of randomised studies, a substantial body of literature today allows us to evaluate to what extent lung function decreases after segmentectomy and whether segmentectomy offers a real functional benefit over lobectomy. From the available series, it emerges that the mean decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) is low, ranging from -9% to -24% of the initial value within 2 months and -3 to -13% 12 months after segmentectomy.