Pseudonystagmus in trochlear nerve palsy.

We present the case report of a patient who presented with intermittent diplopia and left hypertropia associated with an apparent left superior oblique palsy. After dissociation with cover testing, he showed conjugate rhythmic vertical eye movements present in all gazes, thought to represent rapid rhythmically alternating fixation. The vertical rhythmic movement resolved after strabismus surgery.

Instrument-based screening for amblyopia risk factors in a primary care setting in children aged 18 to 30 months.

Amblyopia is the leading cause of vision impairment in children, and its early detection can avoid irreversible consequences for a child's visual ability. In this prospective study, to detect amblyopia risk factors, we examined patients aged 18 to 30 months in primary care settings. Patients were referred to an ophthalmologist for confirmation.

Growth Hormone Treatment and Papilledema: A Prospective Pilot Study.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) in children treated with growth hormone (GH) in a paediatric hospital and to identify risk factors for this complication.

Methods: Prospective pilot study of paediatric patients treated with recombinant human GH, prescribed by the Paediatric Endocrinology Department, between February 2013 and September 2017. In all these patients, a fundus examination was performed before starting treatment and 3-4 months later.

Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries.

Background: The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries.

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale.

Frontalis Muscle Flap Versus Maximal Anterior Levator Resection as First Option for Patients With Severe Congenital Ptosis.

Purpose: To compare 2 surgical techniques (frontalis flap versus maximal anterior levator resection) as first surgical options for the treatment of congenital ptosis with poor levator function in patients younger than 2 years of age with a follow up of 10 years.

Methods: A retrospective study of 58 patients (71 eyelids) with severe ptosis and poor levator function who underwent frontalis muscle flap (FMF = 47) or maximal anterior levator resection (ALR = 24) for correction of their ptosis. Eyelid measurements were taken at baseline, 1, 5, and 10 years after surgery.

Intracranial Hypertension in Cystinosis Is a Challenge: Experience in a Children's Hospital.

Background: Cystinosis is a rare systemic lysosomal disease affecting mainly the kidney and eye. Ocular involvement in cystinosis is universal being the presence of cystine crystals in the cornea a diagnostic criterion and one of the earliest manifestations of the disease. Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations are considered a rare and late complication in these patients.

Early frontalis flap surgery as first option to correct congenital ptosis with poor levator function.

Unlabelled: In congenital blepharoptosis the upper eyelid cannot be lifted normally because of congenital impairment in the levator function. The descended eyelid margin partially or completely obstructs of the visual axis with the consequent risk of amblyopia. Frontalis suspension is the surgery of choice for ptosis with poor levator function creating a linkage between the frontalis muscle and the tarsus; the frontalis muscle is used to elevate the eyelid.

Diffuse lamellar keratitis and corneal edema associated with viral keratoconjunctivitis 2 years after laser in situ keratomileusis.

A 47-year-old woman with a history of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) 2 years previously for myopia and astigmatism, presented with bilateral loss of vision due to diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) with corneal edema in the context of a pseudomembranous viral keratoconjunctivitis. After intense and early treatment with topical corticosteroids, the corneal edema and DLK resolved and corneal transparency was achieved with complete restoration of visual acuity. This case shows that DLK may occur associated with a viral pseudomembranous keratoconjunctivitis in patients who have had LASIK.

Conjunctival healing after amniotic membrane graft over ischemic sclera.

Purpose: To present a case of chemical injury associated with calcification and severe conjunctival and scleral ischemia, in which tissue regeneration was achieved using an amniotic membrane graft.

Methods: A 65-year-old man presented to our department 8 weeks after suffering a chemical injury of his left eye with sulfuric acid. There was extensive calcification of the cornea and conjunctiva, associated with severe ischemia of the adjacent sclera.

Surgery for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.

Purpose: To report a case of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in a patient with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis who underwent surgical excision.

Design: Interventional case report.

Methods: A 36-year-old woman with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis presented with sudden dimness of vision and metamorphopsia in the left eye.

Histologic findings after amniotic membrane graft in the human cornea.

Objective: To describe the histopathologic findings in the human cornea several months after a stromal amniotic membrane graft. To show the clinicopathologic correlation after the graft in two cases with different follow-up times.

Design: Two interventional case reports with clinicopathologic correlation.

Amniotic membrane implantation as a therapeutic contact lens for the treatment of epithelial disorders.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of amniotic membrane implantation as a therapeutic contact lens in the treatment of different epithelial defects without stromal ulceration.

Methods: We used amniotic membrane implantation as a therapeutic contact lens in 20 consecutive patients with epithelial defects. Group 1 included 10 patients with persistent epithelial defects that did not respond to medical treatment.