Sequential co-enrolment in randomised trials in neonatal intensive care medicine.

In many medical research settings, such as the neonatal intensive care unit, the number of patients who are eligible for a randomised clinical trial is relatively small and recruiting a sufficient number of patients into trials is often difficult. Furthermore, some infants may have already been enrolled into a trial as a fetus. Sequential co-enrolment of patients into more than one trial may offer a solution, yet runs the risk of contaminated results.

Evidence Synthesis in Harm Assessment of Medicines Using the Example of Rosiglitazone and Myocardial Infarction.

The current system of harm assessment of medicines has been criticized for relying on intuitive expert judgment. There is a call for more quantitative approaches and transparency in decision-making. Illustrated with the case of cardiovascular safety concerns for rosiglitazone, we aimed to explore a structured procedure for the collection, quality assessment, and statistical modeling of safety data from observational and randomized studies.

The Reporting Quality of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in Industrial and Organizational Psychology: A Systematic Review.

The goal of this systematic review was to examine the reporting quality of the method section of quantitative systematic reviews and meta-analyses from 2009 to 2016 in the field of industrial and organizational psychology with the help of the Meta-Analysis Reporting Standards (MARS), and to update previous research, such as the study of Aytug et al. (2012) and Dieckmann et al. (2009).

Reporting of Bayesian analysis in epidemiologic research should become more transparent.

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the use of Bayesian data analysis in epidemiology in the past decade and particularly to evaluate the quality of research papers reporting the results of these analyses.

Study Design And Setting: Complete volumes of five major epidemiological journals in the period 2005-2015 were searched via PubMed. In addition, we performed an extensive within-manuscript search using a specialized Java application.

Incorporation of historical data in the analysis of randomized therapeutic trials.

Historical studies provide a valuable source of information for the motivation and design of later trials. Bayesian techniques offer possibilities for the quantitative inclusion of prior knowledge within the analysis of current trial data. Combining information from previous studies into an informative prior distribution is, however, a delicate case.