Behavioral risk factors and socioeconomic inequalities in ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States: A causal mediation analysis using record linkage data.

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of death in the United States (US), with marked mortality inequalities. Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the contributions of behavioral risk factors (BRFs) to socioeconomic inequalities in IHD mortality. To our knowledge, no nationwide study has been conducted on this topic in the US.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Healthcare Access and Implications for All-Cause Mortality among US Adults: A 2000-2019 Record Linkage Study.

The United States (US) has witnessed a notable increase in socioeconomic disparities in all-cause mortality since 2000. While this period is marked by significant macroeconomic and health policy changes, the specific drivers of these mortality trends remain poorly understood. In this study, we assessed healthcare access variables and their association with socioeconomic status (SES)-related differences (exposure) in US all-cause mortality (outcome), since 2000.

National and regional prevalence of interpersonal violence from others' alcohol use: a systematic review and modelling study.

Background: While alcohol use is an established risk factor for interpersonal violence, the extent to which people are affected by interpersonal violence from others' drinking has not yet been quantified for different world regions. This modelling study aims to provide the first estimates of the national and regional prevalence of interpersonal violence from others' drinking.

Methods: An international systematic literature search (02/28/2023, Prospero: CRD42022337364) was conducted to identify general adult population studies assessing the prevalence of interpersonal violence from others' drinking with no restrictions to publication date or language.

The risk relationships between alcohol consumption, alcohol use disorder and alcohol use disorder mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Increasing levels of alcohol use are associated with a risk of developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD), which, in turn, is associated with considerable burden. Our aim was to estimate the risk relationships between alcohol consumption and AUD incidence and mortality.

Method: A systematic literature search was conducted, using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science for case-control or cohort studies published between 1 January 2000 and 8 July 2022.

Alcoholic beverage types consumed by population subgroups in the United States: Implications for alcohol policy to address health disparities.

Introduction: We aimed to identify alcoholic beverage types more likely to be consumed by demographic subgroups with greater alcohol-related health risk than others, mainly individuals with low socio-economic status, racial/ethnic minority status and high drinking levels.

Methods: Fractional logit modelling was performed using a nationally representative sample of US adult drinkers (analytic N = 37,657) from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Waves 2 (2004-2005) and 3 (2012-2013). The outcomes were the proportions of pure alcohol consumed as beer, wine, liquor and coolers (defined as wine-/malt-/liquor-based coolers, hard lemonade, hard cider and any prepackaged cocktails of alcohol and mixer).

Differential Associations of Alcohol Use With Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality by Socioeconomic Status in the US, 1997-2018.

Importance: People with low socioeconomic status (SES) experience greater burden from alcohol-attributable health conditions and mortality at equal levels of alcohol consumption compared with those with high SES. A U-shaped association has been established between alcohol use and ischemic heart disease (IHD), but no study has explored how such an association differs by SES in the US.

Objective: To investigate how the association of alcohol use with ischemic heart disease mortality differs by SES in the general US population.

Stakeholder-Informed Solutions To Address Barriers for Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention in Thai Hypertension Care.

Premature deaths from NCDs disproportionately affect people in low- and middle-income countries. Since alcohol use is one of the most common causes of reversible hypertension, interventions targeting alcohol use may be a feasible and effective low-cost approach to synergistically reduce the prevalence of harmful drinking and high blood pressure. This study sought to identify key factors in successfully implementing alcohol use screening and brief intervention in hypertension care in Thailand.

The relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of HIV in married men in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective: A key factor for incidence of HIV is alcohol consumption. It impacts judgment and the probability to overlook risk-relevant information, which creates a pathway to reduced adherence to biomedical prevention and engagement in condomless sex. We strengthen the understanding of the link between alcohol consumption and risk of HIV among married men in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), as we use comprehensive population-level data to provide robust evidence with high external validity.

Here to stay? Policy changes in alcohol home delivery and "to-go" sales during and after COVID-19 in the United States.

During the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, legislative changes that expanded alcohol home delivery and options for "to-go" alcohol sales were introduced across the United States to provide economic relief to establishments and retailers. Using data from the Alcohol Policy Information System, we examined whether these changes have persisted beyond the peak phase of the COVID-19 emergency and explored the implications for public health. Illustration of state-level policy data reveals that the liberalisation of alcohol delivery and "to-go" alcohol sales has continued throughout a 2-year period (2020 and 2021), with indications that many of these changes have or will become permanent after the pandemic.

The Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption, BMI, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.

Background: Moderate alcohol use may be associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous reviews have reached mixed conclusions.

Purpose: To quantify the dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and T2DM, accounting for differential effects by sex and BMI.

How does alcohol use impact morbidity and mortality of liver cirrhosis? A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Background: Alcohol consumption is the most important risk factor responsible for the disease burden of liver cirrhosis (LC). Estimates of risk relationships available usually neither distinguish between different causes such as alcohol-related LC or hepatitis-related LC, nor differentiate between morbidity and mortality as outcome. We aimed to address this research gap and identify dose-response relationships between alcohol consumption and LC, by cause and outcome.

Can lifestyle factors explain racial and ethnic inequalities in all-cause mortality among US adults?

Background: Racial and ethnic inequalities in all-cause mortality exist, and individual-level lifestyle factors have been proposed to contribute to these inequalities. In this study, we evaluate the extent to which the association between race and ethnicity and all-cause mortality can be explained by differences in the exposure and vulnerability to harmful effects of different lifestyle factors.

Methods: The 1997-2014 cross-sectional, annual US National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) linked to the 2015 National Death Index was used.

Who benefits from alcohol screening and brief intervention? A mini-review on socioeconomic inequalities with a focus on evidence from the United States.

Alcohol-attributable mortality contributes to growing health inequalities. Addressing hazardous alcohol use and alcohol use disorders through alcohol screening and brief intervention is therefore a promising public health strategy to improve health equity. In this narrative mini-review, we discuss the extent to which socioeconomic differences exist in the alcohol screening and brief intervention cascade, highlighting the example of the United States.

Reducing alcohol use through alcohol control policies in the general population and population subgroups: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: We estimate the effects of alcohol taxation, minimum unit pricing (MUP), and restricted temporal availability on overall alcohol consumption and review their differential impact across sociodemographic groups. Web of Science, Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, and EconLit were searched on 08/12/2022 and 09/26/2022 for studies on newly introduced or changed alcohol policies published between 2000 and 2022 (Prospero registration: CRD42022339791). We combined data using random-effects meta-analyses.

Can lifestyle factors explain racial and ethnic inequalities in all-cause mortality among US adults?

Racial and ethnic inequalities in all-cause mortality exist, and individual-level lifestyle factors have been proposed to contribute to these inequalities. In this study, we evaluate the extent to which the association between race and ethnicity and all-cause mortality can be explained by differences in the exposure and vulnerability to harmful effects of different lifestyle factors. The 1997-2014 cross-sectional, annual US National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) linked to the 2015 National Death Index was used.

Temperature, size and developmental plasticity in birds.

As temperatures increase, there is growing evidence that species across much of the tree of life are getting smaller. These climate change-driven size reductions are often interpreted as a temporal analogue of the observation that individuals within a species tend to be smaller in the warmer parts of the species' range. For ectotherms, there has been a broad effort to understand the role of developmental plasticity in temperature-size relationships, but in endotherms, this mechanism has received relatively little attention in favour of selection-based explanations.

Trends in mortality from alcohol, opioid, and combined alcohol and opioid poisonings by sex, educational attainment, and race and ethnicity for the United States 2000-2019.

Background: The ongoing opioid epidemic and increases in alcohol-related mortality are key public health concerns in the USA, with well-documented inequalities in the degree to which groups with low and high education are affected. This study aimed to quantify disparities over time between educational and racial and ethnic groups in sex-specific mortality rates for opioid, alcohol, and combined alcohol and opioid poisonings in the USA.

Methods: The 2000-2019 Multiple Cause of Death Files from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) were used alongside population counts from the Current Population Survey 2000-2019.