Research Review: Social cognition and everyday social skills in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Background: Previous studies that have assessed social cognition in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have produced inconsistent findings. To summarize these data and shed light upon moderators that may explain observed inconsistencies, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring social cognition (Theory of Mind (ToM), Empathy, Facial and Non-Facial Emotion Recognition) and Everyday Social Skills in children and adolescents with ADHD.

Methods: The current meta-analysis involved 142 studies including 652 effect sizes.

Questioning cognitive heterogeneity and intellectual functioning in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.

: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are characterized by a variety of multiple cognitive and behavioral impairments, with intellectual, attentional, and executive impairments being the most commonly reported. In populations with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, the Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) may not be a proper measure of intellectual abilities, rarely interpreted in FASD clinical practice because the heterogeneity of the cognitive profile is deemed too strong. We propose a quantitative characterization of this heterogeneity, of the strengths and weaknesses profile, and a differential analysis between global cognitive (FSIQ) and elementary reasoning abilities in a large retrospective monocentric FASD sample.

Influence of the month of birth on persistence of ADHD in prospective studies: protocol for an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with symptoms, especially the hyperactive ones, that tend to decrease in severity with age. Interestingly, children born just before the school-entry cut-off date (ie, the youngest pupils of a classroom) are at higher risk of being diagnosed with ADHD compared with children born just after the cut-off date. Noteworthy, this effect tends to disappear with increasing absolute age.

Positive and Detached Reappraisal of Threatening Music in Younger and Older Adults.

Past empirical studies have suggested that older adults preferentially use gaze-based mood regulation to lessen their negative experiences while watching an emotional scene. This preference for a low cognitively demanding regulatory strategy leaves open the question of whether the effortful processing of a more cognitively demanding reappraisal task is really spared from the general age-related decline. Because it does not allow perceptual attention to be redirected away from the emotional source, music provides an ideal way to address this question.

Three-Dimensional Probabilistic Maps of Mesial Temporal Lobe Structures in Children and Adolescents' Brains.

The hippocampus and the adjacent perirhinal, entorhinal, temporopolar, and parahippocampal cortices are interconnected in a hierarchical MTL system crucial for memory processes. A probabilistic description of the anatomical location and spatial variability of MTL cortices in the child and adolescent brain would help to assess structure-function relationships. The rhinal sulcus (RS) and the collateral sulcus (CS) that border MTL cortices and influence their morphology have never been described in these populations.

Spontaneous response to and expressive regulation of mirth elicited by humorous cartoons in younger and older adults.

Many studies have examined the effect of aging on the ability to regulate negative emotions but less is known about the way the elderly people control their positive affects. Thirty-eight younger and 38 older adults were compared on their affective, expressive, physiological, and behavioral spontaneous responses to and in expressive regulation of mirth elicited by humorous cartoons. Compared to younger adults, older adults were equally amused and aroused but showed lower expressivity in their spontaneous reaction.

Psychological Disorders and Ecological Factors Affect the Development of Executive Functions: Some Perspectives.

The links between deficits in executive functions (EFs) (e.g., mental flexibility, inhibition capacities, etc.

Facial expression recognition and emotion understanding in children after neonatal open-heart surgery for transposition of the great arteries.

Aim: Theory of mind impairments are part of the cognitive morbidities associated with transposition of the great arteries (TGA). We sought to assess core components of social cognition in school-aged children with TGA.

Method: Thirty-eight children with neonatal corrected TGA (27 males, 11 females; mean age 7y 3mo, SD 1y 2mo) and a comparison group (n=31; 24 males, 7 females; mean age 7y 4mo, SD 1y 1mo) participated in this study.

Memory for fearful faces across development: specialization of amygdala nuclei and medial temporal lobe structures.

Enhanced memory for emotional faces is a significant component of adaptive social interactions, but little is known on its neural developmental correlates. We explored the role of amygdaloid complex (AC) and medial temporal lobe (MTL) in emotional memory recognition across development, by comparing fMRI activations of successful memory encoding of fearful and neutral faces in children (n = 12; 8-12 years) and adolescents (n = 12; 13-17 years). Memory for fearful faces was enhanced compared with neutral ones in adolescents, as opposed to children.

Use of early remedial services in children with transposition of the great arteries.

Objectives: To characterize the prevalence of use of early remedial services and its associated demographic, medical, and cognitive factors in children aged 4-6 years with corrected transposition of the great arteries (TGA).

Study Design: This was a prospective study of neurocognitive outcomes after TGA. Children underwent formal neuropsychological testing including general intelligence and a comprehensive battery of executive functions (EF) including motor and interference control, short-term memory, and working memory as well as cognitive flexibility.

Impaired emotional memory recognition after early temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: the fearful face exception?

Introduction: Recognition memory may be enhanced for emotional stimuli compared to neutral ones. Neuropsychological studies in adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have reported disorders in this emotional memory enhancement but few studies have focused on children and adolescents with TLE. However these young patients are at particular risk for memory impairments.

Verbal emotional memory in children and adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy: a first study.

That emotional memory enhancement is compromised in adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), particularly in the case of early cerebral damage, has been suspected. We conducted a study in which we compared 20 children and adolescents aged 11-15 years with early TLE with 40 healthy control subjects. We studied the effect of emotional information on verbal memory performance using story recall and word list learning tasks.