Effects of Shear Stress Gradients on Ewing Sarcoma Cells Using 3D Printed Scaffolds and Flow Perfusion.

In this work, we combined three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with flow perfusion bioreactors to evaluate the gradient effects of scaffold architecture and mechanical stimulation, respectively, on tumor cell phenotype. As cancer biologists elucidate the relevance of 3D in vitro tumor models within the drug discovery pipeline, it has become more compelling to model the tumor microenvironment and its impact on tumor cells. In particular, permeability gradients within solid tumors are inherently complex and difficult to accurately model in vitro.

Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Poly(propylene fumarate) in a Full-Factorial Design.

3D printing has emerged as an important technique for fabricating tissue engineered scaffolds. However, systematic evaluations of biomaterials for 3D printing have not been widely investigated. We evaluated poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) as a model material for extrusion-based printing applications.

Evaluating changes in structure and cytotoxicity during in vitro degradation of three-dimensional printed scaffolds.

This study evaluated the structural, mechanical, and cytocompatibility changes of three-dimensional (3D) printed porous polymer scaffolds during degradation. Three porous scaffold designs were fabricated from a poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) resin. PPF is a hydrolytically degradable polymer that has been well characterized for applications in bone tissue engineering.