Triggering the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa.

Distinguishing periods of intermittent unrest from the run-up to eruption is a major challenge at volcanoes around the globe. Comparing multidisciplinary monitoring data with mineral chemistry that records the physical and spatio-temporal evolution of magmas fundamentally advances our ability to forecast eruptions. The recent eruption of Mauna Loa, Earth's largest active volcano, provides a unique opportunity to differentiate unrest from run-up and improve forecasting of future eruptions.

Oceanic intraplate explosive eruptions fed directly from the mantle.

Constraining the volatile content of magmas is critical to our understanding of eruptive processes and their deep Earth cycling essential to planetary habitability [R. Dasgupta, M. M.