Restoring the barrier of chronically damaged urothelium using chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan-replenishment therapy.

Purpose Of Review: This study aims to further understand the physiological mechanism of chondroitin sulfate treatment on the urinary bladder in cases of inflammation, by investigating the effect of chondroitin sulfate therapy on recovery of urothelial barrier in an in-vitro chronic injury model.

Recent Findings: With inflammatory bladder conditions, the urothelial barrier seems decreased. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) replacement therapy is supposed to help restore this barrier.

The functioning and the complication rate of extreme long existing urinary diversions.

Purpose Of Review: This review is timely and relevant because many patients live many years with urinary diversions. Knowledge about the long term outcome with respect to function and complications are important for patient counseling and for the manner to follow-up patients. This study was performed to investigate the functioning of urinary diversions constructed > 25 years earlier.