Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage, according to age, sex, and country income level: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) accounts for approximately 28% of all strokes worldwide. ICH has a high case fatality, and only few survivors recover to independent living. Over the past decades, demographic changes, and changes in prevalence and management of risk factors may have influenced incidence.

Yield of angiographic examinations in isolated intraventricular hemorrhage: A case series and systematic review of the literature.

Background: It is unknown which patients with non-traumatic isolated intraventricular hemorrhage should undergo angiographic imaging to detect an underlying macrovascular cause and which modality has the highest yield. We studied yield of angiographic examinations in patients with isolated intraventricular hemorrhage.

Methods: We reviewed medical records of patients with intraventricular hemorrhage admitted to the University Medical Center Utrecht between 2002 and 2012.

Diagnostic yield and accuracy of CT angiography, MR angiography, and digital subtraction angiography for detection of macrovascular causes of intracerebral haemorrhage: prospective, multicentre cohort study.

Study Question: What are the diagnostic yield and accuracy of early computed tomography (CT) angiography followed by magnetic resonance imaging/angiography (MRI/MRA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in patients with non-traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage?

Methods: This prospective diagnostic study enrolled 298 adults (18-70 years) treated in 22 hospitals in the Netherlands over six years. CT angiography was performed within seven days of haemorrhage. If the result was negative, MRI/MRA was performed four to eight weeks later.

Variation in restarting antithrombotic drugs at hospital discharge after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background And Purpose: Whether intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) survivors should restart antithrombotic drugs is unknown. We analyzed the frequency of restarting antithrombotic drugs in ICH survivors who had taken prophylactic antithrombotic drugs in atrial fibrillation or after thromboembolic disease in 5 cohorts and explored factors associated with doing so.

Methods: We compared the characteristics and proportions of patients taking antithrombotic drugs at ICH onset and discharge in 4 hospital-based cohorts (Lille, France, n=542; Utrecht, The Netherlands, n=389; multicenter Clinical Relevance of Microbleeds in Stroke-2 (CROMIS-2) ICH, United Kingdom, n=667; and Amsterdam, The Netherlands, n=403) and 1 community-based study (Lothian, Scotland, n=137), using bivariate analyses.

External validation of the secondary intracerebral hemorrhage score in The Netherlands.

Background And Purpose: We aimed to validate externally in a setting outside the United States the secondary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) score that was developed to predict the probability of macrovascular causes in patients with nontraumatic ICH.

Methods: Patients with nontraumatic ICH admitted to the University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands, between 2003 and 2011 were included if an angiographic examination, neurosurgical inspection, or pathological examination had been performed. Secondary ICH score performance was assessed by calibration (agreement between predicted and observed outcomes) and discrimination (separation of those with and without macrovascular cause).

Early intracerebral hematoma expansion after aneurysmal rupture.

Background And Purpose: Intracerebral hematomas (ICHs) often increase in size in the initial hours. It is unknown whether expansion of ICHs after aneurysmal rupture in the acute phase is always a sign of rerupture of the original aneurysm.

Methods: We included patients with an ICH from a ruptured aneurysm who underwent computed tomography imaging within 24 hours of symptom onset and a repeat computed tomography within 48 hours.

Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Since the early 1980s, imaging techniques have enabled population-based studies of intracerebral haemorrhage. We aimed to assess the incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage in relation to age, sex, ethnic origin, and time period in studies published since 1980.

Methods: From PubMed and Embase searches with predefined inclusion criteria, we identified population-based studies published between January, 1980, and November, 2008.

Atopic disease and exhaled nitric oxide in an unselected population of young adults.

Background: Several studies have reported elevated levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in atopic patients, particularly in asthmatic patients, suggesting that FeNO is a marker of bronchial inflammation. However, the independent influence of different atopic entities (eczema, allergic rhinitis, and asthma) on FeNO has never been studied in the general population.

Objective: To study the influence of a questionnaire-based diagnosis of atopic diseases and IgE and lung function measurements on FeNO levels.