The influence of personal values and patient intoxication on nurses concerns about opioids: results of a prospective cross-sectional multi-centre study.

Background: Nurses are the main administrators of opioids in hospitals and enjoy some autonomy when using them to manage pain. Nevertheless evidence suggests they exercise this freedom restrictively with the reasons for this self-limitation remaining unclear. Nurses are influenced by personal and professional values and by patients' attributes.

Practice and bias in intraoperative pain management: results of a cross-sectional patient study and a survey of anesthesiologists.

Background: Perioperative pain carries a considerable risk of becoming persistent; hence aggressive preventive approaches are advocated. Persistently high prevalence of postoperative pain, however, suggests anesthesiologists underuse these strategies. A prospective cross-sectional study of patients in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU) and a survey of anesthesiologists were thus conducted to evaluate practice and uncover bias in intraoperative pain management.

Clinical benefits, referral practice and cost implications of an in-hospital pain service: results of a service evaluation in a London teaching hospital.

Background: In-hospital pain services (IPS) are commonplace, but evidence of efficacy is inadequate, and patients' pain management in any hospital ward remains problematic. This service evaluation aimed to measure the effect of a contemporary IPS, its appropriate use and cost-efficacy.

Methods: Records of 249 adults reviewed by the IPS in an inner London Teaching Hospital over an 8-month period were analysed for demographic data, interventions, workload and change in pain intensity measured by numerical rating scale (NRS).

Nurses and opioids: results of a bi-national survey on mental models regarding opioid administration in hospitals.

Objective: Pain remains insufficiently treated in hospitals. Increasing evidence suggests human factors contribute to this, due to nurses failing to administer opioids. This behavior might be the consequence of nurses' mental models about opioids.