Publications by authors named "Charlotte E Rutter"
The disadvantaged populations eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) epidemiology (DEGREE) study was designed to gain insight into the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of undetermined cause (CKDu) using standard protocols to estimate the general-population prevalence of low eGFR internationally. Therefore, we estimated the age-standardized prevalence of eGFR under 60 ml/min per 1.73m in adults aged 18-60, excluding participants with commonly known causes of CKD; an ACR (albumin/creatinine ratio) over 300 mg/g or equivalent, or self-reported or measured (HT) hypertension or (DM) diabetes mellitus, stratified by sex and location.
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- The DEGREE study explored the impact of chronic kidney disease of undetermined cause (CKDu) globally by analyzing the prevalence of low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in adults aged 18-60, focusing on participants without known CKD causes.
- The study included data from 60,964 participants across 43 areas in 14 countries collected from 2007 to 2023, revealing the highest CKDu prevalence in rural areas of Uddanam, India, and Northwest Nicaragua (14%).
- The findings indicate that CKDu is notably prevalent in specific regions, especially within Central America and South Asia, prompting the need for global monitoring while acknowledging the potential existence of unidentified disease clusters elsewhere.
Background: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and the Global Asthma Network (GAN) conducted a series of global asthma prevalence surveys, between 1990 and 2020, in adolescents aged 13-14 and children aged 6-7 years. We used them to assess whether potential asthma risk factors explain global asthma symptom prevalence trends over this period.
Method: We fitted mixed-effects linear regression models to estimate associations between centre-level risk factor prevalence and both the mid-point asthma symptom prevalence and the change per decade.
Objectives: Identify workplace risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, using data collected by a UK electricity-generating company.
Methods: Using a test-negative design case-control study, we estimated the OR of infection by job category, site, test reason, sex, vaccination status, vulnerability, site outage and site COVID-19 weekly risk rating, adjusting for age, test date and test type.
Results: From an original 80 077 COVID-19 tests, there were 70 646 included in the final analysis.
Background: Measurement error in exposures and confounders can bias exposure-outcome associations but is rarely considered. We aimed to assess random measurement error of all continuous variables in UK Biobank and explore approaches to mitigate its impact on exposure-outcome associations.
Methods: Random measurement error was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for all continuous variables with repeat measures.
Background: Most studies assessing pathophysiological heterogeneity in asthma have been conducted in high-income countries (HICs), with little known about the prevalence and characteristics of different asthma inflammatory phenotypes in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study assessed sputum inflammatory phenotypes in five centres, in Brazil, Ecuador, Uganda, New Zealand (NZ) and the United Kingdom (UK).
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 998 asthmatics and 356 non-asthmatics in 2016-20.
Aims: Asthma, hay fever and eczema are three common chronic conditions. There have been no recent multi-country data on the burden of these three conditions in adults; the aims of this study are to fill this evidence gap.
Methods: The Global Asthma Network Phase I is a multi-country cross-sectional population-based study using the same core methodology as the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase III.
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to assess the worldwide prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in school children, as no standard surveys have been conducted in the past 15 years.
- The research involved a large-scale questionnaire-based survey conducted globally from 2015 to 2020, including over 250,000 students aged 6-14 across multiple countries.
- Results showed varying prevalence rates, with lower symptoms reported in low-income countries, while significant differences in prevalence by age and sex were also noted, indicating a substantial health burden across the studied regions.
Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children globally. The Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I study aimed to determine if the worldwide burden of asthma symptoms is changing.
Methods: This updated cross-sectional study used the same methods as the International study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase III.
Background: The Global Asthma Network (GAN), by using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology, has updated trends in prevalence of symptoms of childhood allergic diseases, including non-infective rhinitis and conjunctivitis ('rhinoconjunctivitis'), which is reported here.
Methods: Prevalence and severity of rhinoconjunctivitis were assessed by questionnaire among schoolchildren in GAN Phase I and ISAAC Phase I and III surveys 15-23 years apart. Absolute rates of change in prevalence were estimated for each centre and modelled by multi-level linear regression to compare trends by age group, time period and per capita national income.
Background: Symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema in children cluster at both the individual and population levels.
Objectives: To assess individual-level and school-level risk factors for symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis and compare them to corresponding associations with symptoms of asthma and eczema in Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.
Methods: We studied 116,863 children aged 6-7 years from 2163 schools in 59 centres and 22 countries and 224,436 adolescents aged 13-14 years from 2037 schools in 97 centres in 41 countries.
Some previously described environmental associations for atopic eczema may be due to reverse causation. We explored the role of reverse causation by comparing individual- and school-level results for multiple atopic eczema risk factors. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) measured the global prevalence of symptoms of asthma in children. We undertook comprehensive analyses addressing risk factors for asthma symptoms in combination, at both the individual and the school level, to explore the potential role of reverse causation due to selective avoidance or confounding by indication.
Objective: To explore the role of reverse causation in risk factors of asthma symptoms.