Gastric and sacral electrical stimulation for motility disorders-A clinical perspective.

Background: Electrical stimulation of the gut has been investigated in recent decades with a view to treating various gastro-intestinal motility disorders including, among others, gastric electrical stimulation to relieve nausea and vomiting associated with gastroparesis and sacral neuromodulation to treat fecal incontinence and/or constipation. Although their symptomatic efficacy has been ascertained by randomized controlled trials, their mechanisms of action are not fully understood.

Purpose: This review summarizes the past year's literature on the mechanisms of action of gut electrical stimulation therapies, including their impact on the gut-brain axis.

Impact of anesthesia drugs on digestive motility measurements in humans: A systematic review.

Background And Purpose: Measurement of gastro-intestinal motility is increasingly performed under general anesthesia during endoscopic or surgical procedures. The aim of the present study was to review the impact of different anesthetic agents on digestive motility measurements in humans.

Methods: This systematic review was performed using the Medline-Pubmed and Web of Science databases.

Alterations in gastrointestinal motility assessed by high-resolution antroduodenal manometry in patients with severe disorders of gut-brain interaction.

Data are limited regarding gastrointestinal motility disturbance in disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). This study aimed to characterize antroduodenal motor alterations in patients with high-resolution antroduodenal manometry (HR-ADM). HR-ADM was performed in patients with severe DGBI and compared with healthy volunteers (HV).

Fecal Incontinence Subtype Assessment (FI-SA): Validation of a new tool to distinguish among subtypes of fecal incontinence.

Purpose: Three subtypes of fecal incontinence (FI) are described in the literature: urge, mixed and passive FI, but the relevance of this classification remains unknown. To our knowledge, no questionnaire has been validated in a general population of patients with FI to classify patients between the different subtypes of FI. The aim of the present study was to validate the Fecal Incontinence Subtype Assessment (FI-SA) questionnaire in a general population of patients with FI.

Physiological characterization of gastric emptying using high-resolution antropyloroduodenal manometry.

Delayed gastric emptying (GE) has been associated with antral and pyloric dysmotility. We aimed to characterize differences in the antral, duodenal, and pyloric motility profiles associated with delayed GE, using high-resolution antropyloroduodenal manometry (HR-ADM). Patients referred for HR-ADM for dyspeptic symptoms performed a concurrent GE breath test (NCT01519180 and NCT04918329).

Multiple sclerosis and bowel symptoms: Frequency and barriers to their management.

Background: The frequency of bowel symptoms (BSs) is still a matter for debate in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, BSs have been shown to cause significant distress. Our study aimed to (i) investigate the frequency of BSs, particularly those that are not managed, (ii) identify potential predictors for help-seeking care for patients with BSs, and (iii) evaluate the ability of the Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction (NBD) score to screen for BSs.

Impact of anesthetics on pyloric characteristics measured using the EndoFLIP® system in patients with gastroparesis.

Background: Pyloric distensibility has been reported as a predictive measure in gastroparesis. Measures can be obtained either during endoscopy under anesthesia or in unsedated patients. However, the impact of anesthetic drugs on the results of pyloric characteristics remains unknown.

Cell shape characteristics of human skeletal muscle cells as a predictor of myogenic competency: A new paradigm towards precision cell therapy.

Skeletal muscle-derived cells (SMDC) hold tremendous potential for replenishing dysfunctional muscle lost due to disease or trauma. Current therapeutic usage of SMDC relies on harvesting autologous cells from muscle biopsies that are subsequently expanded in vitro before re-implantation into the patient. Heterogeneity can arise from multiple factors including quality of the starting biopsy, age and comorbidity affecting the processed SMDC.

Relationship between anal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP®) results and the clinical presentation of faecal incontinence.

Aim: Faecal incontinence (FI) subtypes (urge, passive, mixed) are linked to the physiopathological mechanism of FI. Previous studies have failed to demonstrate a consistent relationship between FI subtype and anal sphincter dysfunction. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between anal sphincter function, assessed using the new EndoFLIP® technology, and FI subtype.

Overlaps with bladder pain syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome are associated with higher symptom burden and reduced quality of life in functional dyspepsia.

Background: Functional dyspepsia and bladder pain syndrome are well-known to overlap with irritable bowel syndrome. Whether functional dyspepsia overlaps with bladder pain syndrome remains unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the presence of bladder pain syndrome in functional dyspepsia patients and its impact.

Sleep Quality and Insomnia Are Associated With Quality of Life in Functional Dyspepsia.

Background: Sleep disturbances are common in patients with functional dyspepsia. Our aim was to assess the relationship between subjective sleep and quality of life and to identify factors associated with impaired sleep in functional dyspepsia.

Methods: One thousand two hundred and twenty patients referred for functional gastrointestinal disorders at a single tertiary care center between end 2017 and June 2019 were studied using a self-administered questionnaire.

Delayed gastric emptying as an independent predictor of mortality in gastroparesis.

Background: Whether gastroparesis is associated with a shortened life expectancy remains uncertain as no systematic study has evaluated the impact of gastroparesis on mortality, based on gastric emptying (GE) tests.

Aim: This study aimed to assess whether delayed GE was predictive of mortality.

Methods: GE was measured using a 13C-octanoic acid breath test in 1563 consecutive patients.

Is sacral nerve modulation reprogramming effective after permanent implantation for faecal incontinence?

Aim: Sacral nerve modulation (SNM) is recommended as a first-line surgical therapy for patients with faecal incontinence (FI). During patient follow-up, it is recommended that stimulation settings be reprogrammed to optimize patient outcomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of stimulator reprogramming in patients with an implanted SNM device to treat FI.

The effectiveness of rotating versus single course antibiotics for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

Background: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth treatment is usually based on antibiotics with no guidelines available.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of different antibiotics to treat small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

Methods: Consecutive patients referred to our tertiary center and diagnosed with intestinal bacterial overgrowth were retrospectively included.

Corrigendum: Impact of Opioid Consumption in Patients With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Topic: Pharmacological Treatments Affecting Gastro-Intestinal Motility in Man.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.

Is it necessary to perform a morphological assessment for an esophageal motility disorder? A retrospective descriptive study.

Background: Esophageal motility disorders are most often of primary origin but may be secondary to an occult malignancy or another etiology. High-resolution esophageal manometry cannot differentiate between secondary or primary origin. This study aimed at discussing the usefulness of a morphological assessment in the diagnosis of specific esophageal motility disorders, and to establish the predictive factors of a potential secondary origin.

Impact of Opioid Consumption in Patients With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.

We aimed to determine the burden of opioid consumption in a cohort of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. All patients diagnosed with functional gastrointestinal disorders and referred to our university hospital were evaluated from 2013 to the beginning of 2019. Irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia diagnoses were determined according to Rome criteria and severity according to irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system.

Assessment of pyloric sphincter distensibility and pressure in patients with diabetic gastroparesis.

Background: Recent studies have shown that pyloric distensibility is altered in 30-50% of gastroparetic patients but the number of diabetic patients included in prior reports has been small. The aim of the present study was to assess pyloric sphincter measurements in diabetic patients with gastroparesis and to determine whether diabetes characteristics were correlated to pyloric disfunction.

Methods: Pyloric distensibility and pressure were measured using EndoFLIP system in 46 patients with diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) and compared with 21 healthy volunteers (HV), and 33 patients with idiopathic gastroparesis (IGP).

Comparison of clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with urge, mixed, and passive fecal incontinence: a systematic literature review.

Purpose: Two subgroups of fecal incontinence (FI) are described in literature and used in clinical practice. However, the pertinence of this classification of FI is still unknown as there are no clear established guidelines. To a better understanding, we performed a systematic review to characterize the different types of FI (active, passive, or mixed) on the basis of clinical presentation and complementary explorations.

Efficacy of gastric electrical stimulation in intractable nausea and vomiting at 10 years: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

Background: Gastric electrical simulation has been shown to relieve nausea and vomiting in medically refractory patients. Efficacy of gastric electrical stimulation has been reported mostly in short-term studies, but none has evaluated its efficacy beyond 10 years after implantation.

Methods: Patients implanted at our center for medically refractory severe and chronic nausea and/or vomiting were evaluated before and over 10 years after implantation using symptomatic scale and quality of life (GIQLI) score.

The use of impedance planimetry (Endoscopic Functional Lumen Imaging Probe, EndoFLIP ) in the gastrointestinal tract: A systematic review.

The EndoFLIP system is a method of delineating impedance and was first designed to investigate the characteristics of the esophago-gastric junction. In the last decade, its use was widened to investigate other sphincteric and non-sphincteric systems of the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of the present systematic review was to summarize the available data in literature on the use of the EndoFLIP system in the gastrointestinal tract, including sphincteric and non-sphincteric regions.

Ten-year Evaluation of a Large Retrospective Cohort Treated by Sacral Nerve Modulation for Fecal Incontinence: Results of a French Multicenter Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of sacral nerve modulation (SNM) in a large cohort of patients implanted for at least 10 years, quantify adverse event rates, and identify predictive factors of long-term success.

Summary Background Data: Few studies have evaluated the long-term success of SNM.

Methods: Data collected prospectively from patients implanted for fecal incontinence (FI) in 7 French centers between January 1998 and December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.