Participatory Action Research-Dadirri-Ganma, using Yarning: methodology co-design with Aboriginal community members.

Background: Appropriate choice of research design is essential to rightly understand the research problem and derive optimal solutions. The Comorbidity Action in the North project sought to better meet the needs of local people affected by drug, alcohol and mental health comorbidity. The aim of the study focused on the needs of Aboriginal peoples and on developing a truly representative research process.

Perceived changes and perceived transferability for treating intoxicated women victims of violence among emergency clinicians after an alcohol and other drugs training program.

Introduction And Aims: Given the significant overlap between alcohol intoxication and violence against women, it is imperative that emergency clinicians are equipped to care for women presenting with both issues. This research aimed to explore emergency clinicians' perceived changes and ability to apply training, particularly to intoxicated women victims of violence.

Design And Methods: Using a pre-post questionnaire, 74 participants of the Emergency Mental Health Alcohol and Drug program were surveyed about their education/training, awareness and use of guidelines and tools, perceived changes in knowledge, skills and confidence and ability to apply the training.

Emergency clinicians' perceived self-efficacy in the care of intoxicated women victims of violence.

Background: Previous research has identified perceived self-efficacy to be a vital component of clinicians' positive attitudes towards caring for intoxicated patients and women who have been assaulted. To date, little is known about the perceived self-efficacy and influences among emergency clinicians towards intoxicated women victims of violence.

Method: Using mixed methods, 179 emergency clinicians were surveyed and 22 emergency clinicians were interviewed in South Australia about their education/training, their awareness and use of best practice guidelines and tools, and their perceived self-efficacy toward treating intoxicated women victims of violence.

Improving the provision of services to young people from refugee backgrounds with comorbid mental health and substance use problems: addressing the barriers.

Background: South Australia (SA) has resettled 151,134 refugees in the last ten years (Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Settlement reporting facility, 2014). Northern metropolitan Adelaide, an area which experiences significant social disadvantage, has received a significant number of (predominantly young) refugees. Research indicates that refugee youth are at elevated risk of mental health (MH) and alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems.

"The Chicken or the Egg": Barriers and Facilitators to Collaborative Care for People With Comorbidity in a Metropolitan Region of South Australia.

Mental health disorder and alcohol and other drug comorbidity is prevalent in Australia. This qualitative study used semistructured interviews (N = 20) to elicit clinicians' and workers' knowledge, experiences, and opinions regarding issues pertaining to service needs of people with comorbidity in a metropolitan region of South Australia. The study revealed barriers to effective access and delivery of comorbidity care by MH and AOD services.

Comorbidity Action in the North: a study of services for people with comorbid mental health and drug and alcohol disorders in the northern suburbs of Adelaide.

Objective: This study identified barriers to and facilitators of mental health (MH) and alcohol and drug (AOD) comorbidity services, in order to drive service improvement.

Method: Participatory action research enabled strong engagement with community services, including Aboriginal and refugee groups. Surveys, interviews and consultations were undertaken with clinicians and managers of MH, AOD and support services, consumers, families, community advocates and key service providers.

Merging perspectives: obstacles to recovery for youth from refugee backgrounds with comorbidity.

Objective: This research aimed to identify challenges encountered by young people from refugee backgrounds with co-existing mental health (MH) and alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems (comorbidity) and sought to compare the perspectives of refugee youth and service providers in a metropolitan region of Adelaide, South Australia.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two groups of participants: young people from refugee backgrounds (African, Afghan, Bhutanese) and workers from MH, AOD and refugee support services.

Results: The refugee youth reported that the biggest difficulty they face once they develop MH and AOD problems is social disconnectedness.

Stopping the run-around? A study of services for people with comorbid mental health and substance use disorders in northern Adelaide.

Objective: Comorbidity between mental health and alcohol and other drug (AOD) disorders is common. This study aimed to identify and describe all of the local government and non-government (NGO) mental health and AOD services in a socially disadvantaged urban region in Adelaide, South Australia.

Method: Services were identified using telephone directories and the internet, and via information from workers employed by a wide range of mental health and AOD services.

Over-the-counter analgesic use by urban Aboriginal people in South Australia.

Despite recent health gains for Australian Aboriginal people their significantly poorer health status compared with that of non-Aboriginal Australians remains significant. Within the context of high levels of mortality and morbidity, research highlights significant barriers to timely health-care, access and safe use of prescribed and over-the-counter medicines. The risks to Aboriginal people's health due to unsafe medication use are preventable.

Drinking contexts and the legitimacy of alcohol use: findings from a focus group study on alcohol use in Denmark.

Aim: To examine the perceptions and meanings of alcohol use in Denmark with specific focus on drinking contexts.

Methods: A qualitative study using focus group interviews. The sample consisted of five focus groups of adults with one group for each of the following age groups: 16-20; 21-34; 35-44; 45-64; and 65-82 years.

Knowledge and beliefs about antibiotics among people in Yogyakarta City Indonesia: a cross sectional population-based survey.

Background: Misconceptions about antibiotic use among community members potentially lead to inappropriate use of antibiotics in the community. This population-based study was aimed at examining common knowledge and beliefs about antibiotic use of people in an urban area of Indonesia.

Methods: The population of the study was adults (over 18 years old) in Yogyakarta City.

Beliefs about the use of nonprescribed antibiotics among people in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia: a qualitative study based on the theory of planned behavior.

Although antibiotics are prescription-only medicine in Indonesia, they can be purchased without prescription. This qualitative study elicited beliefs about nonprescribed antibiotics use informed by the theory of planned behavior to develop a questionnaire for an expanded theory of planned behavior survey. Twenty-five (N = 25) adults with experience of using nonprescribed antibiotics were interviewed.

Self medication with antibiotics in Yogyakarta City Indonesia: a cross sectional population-based survey.

Background: Self medication with antibiotics has become an important factor driving antibiotic resistance. This study investigated the period prevalence, patterns of use, and socio-demographic factors associated with self medication with antibiotics in Yogyakarta City Indonesia. This cross-sectional population-based survey used a pre-tested questionnaire which was self-administered to randomly selected respondents (over 18 years old) in Yogyakarta City Indonesia in 2010 (N = 625).

Acceptance and expectance: Cultural norms for alcohol use in Denmark.

Alcohol consumption levels in Denmark are high with the risk of increased morbidity and mortality in the population. It is suggested that people's views of "normal" use of alcohol must be the platform for formulating effective alcohol education and prevention strategies. However, little is known about the cultural norms for alcohol use.

The developing role of transition to practice programs for newly graduated mental health nurses.

A number of significant challenges face graduate mental health nurses entering the workforce. In response, Transition to Practice programs have been promoted as a potential strategy for improving recruitment and retention within the mental health system. This review explores the experience of transition for mental health nurse graduates and identifies key aspects of Transition to Practice programs that facilitate the transition to practising professional.

Heatwaves and their impact on people with alcohol, drug and mental health conditions: a discussion paper on clinical practice considerations.

Aim: This article discusses the clinical implications of adverse health outcomes derived during heatwaves for people with mental health disorders, substance misuse and those taking prescribed medications such as lithium, various neuroleptic and anticholinergic drugs.

Background: With climate change it is predicted that the incidence of prolonged periods of extreme heat will increase. Specific adverse health outcomes associated with high environmental temperatures include heat stroke and heat exhaustion.

A nursing partnership for better outcomes in Aboriginal mental health, including substance use.

This article draws on our participatory action research findings and interventions, such as advocacy and professional education, as applied during and after a large project focusing on Aboriginal mental health and safe medication management. The project was conducted by our research team and partners, community-controlled Aboriginal health services, and community leaders. The paper provides a discussion of major Aboriginal mental health issues gleaned from the literature, along with a discussion, and a conceptual model for conducting ethical Aboriginal health research, that has both evolved and guided us.

Better medication management for Aboriginal people with mental health disorders: a survey of providers.

Objective: To explore the experiences and training needs of service providers in relation to medication management for Aboriginal people with mental health disorders.

Design: Survey.

Setting: Aboriginal and mainstream health and human service organisations in metropolitan, rural and remote South Australia.

Mental health and alcohol and other drug training for emergency department workers: one solution to help manage increasing demand.

Objective: To evaluate a training course for ED staff aiming to improve knowledge and skills in working with mental health and drug/alcohol patients attending EDs.

Methods: Pre- and postcourse questionnaires assessed attitudes and self-ratings of confidence, knowledge and skills in working with these patients. Follow-up interviews assessed if new skills or approaches to patient management had been integrated into daily ED practice.

Missed opportunities in the field: caring for clients with co-morbidity problems.

This discussion paper presents key issues associated with caring for people with concurrent alcohol or drug and mental health problems. By way of anecdotal stories and personal experiences, it draws attention to 'missed opportunities' for effective care of clients within a general hospital and community mental health service. As educators, inicians and students, we are concerned our own attempts to improve the care of these clients may have been less than successful due to various factors, and believe such information is important to share with the wider nursing profession.