Behavioral changes in preterm children during nasogastric tube feeding. Comparative study of manual administration by parents versus mechanical administration via electric syringe pump.

Introduction: Manual feeding by parents using a syringe, a widespread practice in Sweden since the 1980s, favors parents' involvement in childcare tasks. This approach is used in our neonatal unity since 2007.

Objective: To study the behavioral changes of preterm children during nasogastric tube feeding: manual milk administration by parents (MAP) versus electric syringe administration (ESA) over a 30-minute period.

Unusual fetal ascites and spontaneous bladder rupture in a female fetus: a case report.

Background: Fetal bladder rupture causing urinary ascites is uncommon. It is generally related to invasive fetal medicine procedures or obstructive disorders such as in posterior urethral valves in male fetuses. An exceptional case of spontaneous bladder rupture in a female fetus occurred in a pregnant woman treated with high doses of opiates in an intensive care unit.

French neonatal society position paper stresses the importance of an early family-centred approach to discharging preterm infants from hospital.

Aim: The families of hospitalised preterm infants risk depression and post-traumatic stress and the preterm infants risk re-hospitalisation. The French neonatal society's aim was to review the literature on how the transition from hospital to home could limit these risks and to produce a position paper.

Methods: A systematic literature review was performed covering 1 January 2000 to 1 January 2018, and multidisciplinary experts examined the scientific evidence.

Recommendations on the environment for hospitalised newborn infants from the French neonatal society: rationale, methods and first recommendation on neonatal intensive care unit design.

Aim: Hospitalised newborn infants may be stressed due to inappropriate sensory stimuli and early separation from their families, that can negatively impact their neurodevelopment. The French Group of Reflection and Evaluation of the Environment of Newborns (GREEN) issues guidelines based on environmental neonatology and family-centred care. The first recommendation focuses on private family rooms versus large shared rooms.

Mortality, morbidity and 2-years neurodevelopmental prognosis of twin to twin transfusion syndrome after fetoscopic laser therapy: a prospective, 58 patients cohort study.

Objective: To describe the morbidity and mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born from a Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) pregnancy treated using laser fetoscopy in Toulouse.

Population And Method: All pregnancies with TTTS treated by laser fetoscopy in our centre were included. Antenatal and postnatal morbidity and neonatal morbidity were identified in the medical records retrospectively.

Early diagnosis and care is achieved but should be improved in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome.

Background: PWS is a severe neurodevelopmental genetic disorder now usually diagnosed in the neonatal period from hypotonia and feeding difficulties. Our study analyzed the birth incidence and care of infants with early diagnosis.

Methods: Data were collected on 61 infants with a molecular diagnosis of PWS born in 2012 and 2013 in France.

High prevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in surgical intestinal specimens from infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation: A retrospective observational study.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe, often fatal gastrointestinal emergency that predominantly affects preterm infants, and there is evidence that neonatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may in some cases contribute to its pathogenesis.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CMV in infants with NEC.

Study Design: Seventy intestinal specimens from 61 infants with NEC, spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP), or related surgical complications were collected at Karolinska University Hospital and Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.

Policy of feeding very preterm infants with their mother's own fresh expressed milk was associated with a reduced risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Aim: Since 2005, the French Food Safety Agency has recommended that very preterm or low-birthweight babies should be fed with pasteurised, expressed breastmilk, and feeding policies on this vary widely in French neonatal units. We investigated the differences between using a mother's expressed milk, in fresh or pasteurised forms, for very preterm infants.

Methods: This observational multicentre study analysed data on 926 very preterm infants: 636 from neonatal units who used the mother's own fresh milk and 290 who used the mother's milk after pasteurisation.

Recombinant Bile Salt-Stimulated Lipase in Preterm Infant Feeding: A Randomized Phase 3 Study.

Introduction: Feeding strategies are critical for healthy growth in preterm infants. Bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL), present in human milk, is important for fat digestion and absorption but is inactivated during pasteurization and absent in formula. This study evaluated if recombinant human BSSL (rhBSSL) improves growth in preterm infants when added to formula or pasteurized breast milk.

PPARγ Is Activated during Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Inhibits Neuronogenesis from Human Neural Stem Cells.

Congenital infection by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of permanent sequelae of the central nervous system, including sensorineural deafness, cerebral palsies or devastating neurodevelopmental abnormalities (0.1% of all births). To gain insight on the impact of HCMV on neuronal development, we used both neural stem cells from human embryonic stem cells (NSC) and brain sections from infected fetuses and investigated the outcomes of infection on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor critical in the developing brain.

Cytomegalovirus Infection Triggers the Secretion of the PPARγ Agonists 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid (15-HETE) and 13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acid (13-HODE) in Human Cytotrophoblasts and Placental Cultures.

Introduction: Congenital infection by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of congenital abnormalities of the central nervous system. Placenta infection by HCMV allows for viral spread to fetus and may result in intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia-like symptoms, or miscarriages. We previously reported that HCMV activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) for its own replication in cytotrophoblasts.

Cytomegalovirus infection and neonatal outcome in extremely preterm infants after freezing of maternal milk.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection acquired from breast milk can cause serious illness in extremely preterm (EPT) infants (<28 weeks). Some neonatal centers freeze maternal milk (MM) to prevent CMV transmission; however, this practice is controversial. In this study, we assessed the CMV transmission rate and neonatal outcome in EPT infants after routine freezing of all MM.

rhBSSL improves growth and LCPUFA absorption in preterm infants fed formula or pasteurized breast milk.

Objectives: Preterm infants often experience suboptimal growth, which can affect organ development. The aim of this study was to improve growth by treatment with bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL), naturally present in breast milk, but lost after pasteurization, and absent in formula.

Methods: Two clinical trials were performed with a predefined analysis of combined data to investigate the effects of recombinant human BSSL (rhBSSL) treatment on growth velocity and fat absorption in preterm infants.

R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with efficient DC-SIGN use is not selected for early after birth in vertically infected children.

The binding of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to C-type lectin receptors may result in either enhanced trans-infection of T-cells or virus degradation. We have investigated the efficacy of HIV-1 utilization of DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin receptor, in the setting of intrauterine or intrapartum mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Viruses isolated from HIV-1-infected mothers at delivery and from their vertically infected children both shortly after birth and later during the progression of the disease were analysed for their use of DC-SIGN, binding and ability to trans-infect.

Urinary aquaporin-2 excretion during ibuprofen or indomethacin treatment in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus.

Aim: Water channel AQP2 is the target for vasopressin (AVP) and a major determinant of urinary concentrating capacity. In mature kidneys, prostaglandins counteract the effect of AVP on AQP2 expression at functional sites. We investigated whether disturbances in water homeostasis in infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treated with prostaglandin inhibitors can be attributed to activation of AQP2.

Myocardial Infarction in a newborn from a diabetic mother.

We extracted L., the newborn of a diabetic mother, for antenatal diagnostic of myocardial hypertrophy and anomaly of foetal heart rate. Post-natal echocardiography showed severe septal myocardial hypertrophy with latero-basal myocardial akinesia.

Expression of water and ion transporters in tracheal aspirates from neonates with respiratory distress.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine whether neonatal respiratory distress is related to changes in water and ion transporter expression in lung epithelium.

Methods: The study included 32 neonates on mechanical ventilation: 6 patients with normal lung X-rays (control group), eight with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), eight with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), 10 with abnormal lung X-rays (mixed group). The protein abundance of water channel AQP5, epithelial sodium channel (ENaC; alpha-, beta- and gamma-ENaC) and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase alpha1 were examined in tracheal aspirates using semiquantitative immunoblotting.

Behavioral problems and cognitive performance at 5 years of age after very preterm birth: the EPIPAGE Study.

Objectives: We compared the frequency of behavioral problems in very preterm and term children at 5 years of age. We hypothesized that behavioral problems would be associated with cognitive impairment and environmental factors and that differences between the 2 groups would be reduced but persist after adjusting for cognitive performance and environmental factors.

Patients And Methods: The Etude Epidémiologique sur les Petits Ages Gestationnels (EPIPAGE) study was a prospective population-based cohort study that included all births occurring between 22 and 32 weeks' gestation and a control group of infants born at 39 to 40 weeks' gestation in 1997 in 9 French regions.

Breastmilk handling routines for preterm infants in Sweden: a national cross-sectional study.

Background: In Sweden preterm infants born <32 gestational weeks are fed maternal breastmilk or, if not available, donor breastmilk. Nutritional and immunological composition of human milk is affected by processing and storage procedures. Additionally, freezing of breastmilk may reduce cytomegalovirus transmission.

Transmission of cytomegalovirus to extremely preterm infants through breast milk.

Aim: To evaluate the rate and clinical expression of postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection transmitted through breast milk in extremely preterm infants.

Methods: Ten extremely preterm infants and their six mothers were included. Maternal CMV serology was determined.

Urinary aquaporin-2 excretion during early human development.

This study was undertaken to assess one of the determinants of kidney concentrating capacity, aquaporin-2 (AQP2), in order to understand the physiopathology of water balance in newborn babies. Urinary AQP2 excretion has been shown to be proportional to AQP2 level in the apical plasma membrane of the kidney collecting ducts and has been suggested as a marker of vasopressin (AVP) action. Urinary AQP2 excretion in the early postnatal period and at 3 weeks of age was measured in 123 neonates admitted during a 6-month period to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Children's Hospital of Toulouse, France.

Coreceptor usage of primary HIV type 1 isolates obtained from different lymph node subsets.

Biological characteristics of virus quantitatively rescued from different cell types present in lymph nodes of HIV-1-infected individuals in various stages of their disease were determined, not including patients with AIDS defining illness. Viruses were obtained by cocultivation with donor monocyte-derived macrophages and T-lymphocytes and their biological phenotype compared to viruses obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the same patient. The biological phenotype was determined on established cell lines (U937-2, CEM, and MT-2) and on the U87.