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The majority of Danish women are working, and many are standing/walking or lifting heavy objects at work. It is important for employers and employees to assess ergonomic risk factors in the work environment during pregnancy to avoid potential negative effects on the pregnancy. Studies show that walking/standing > 3-4 h/d may increase the risk of preterm delivery.

Prospective, population-based study of occupational movements and postures of the neck as risk factors for cervical disc herniation.

Objective: We studied the associations between objectively measured occupational neck exposures in a job exposure matrix (JEM) and cervical disc herniation (CDH).

Design: A cohort study of Danish workers who ever held at least one of 29 jobs (eg, dentists, hairdressers, childcare, carpenters) from 1981 to 2016 was formed. Representative whole work-day inclinometric measurements from previous studies using triaxial accelerometers measuring neck angular velocity and posture of the neck were used as exposure in a JEM.

Repetitive and forceful movements of the hand as predictors of treatment for pain in the distal upper extremities.

Objective: To investigate repetitive movements and the use of hand force as causes of treatment for distal upper extremities musculoskeletal disorders METHODS: A cohort of 202 747 workers in a pension health scheme from 2005 to 2017 in one of 17 jobs (eg, office work, carpentry, cleaning) was formed. Representative electro-goniometric measurements of wrist angular velocity as a measure for repetition and expert-rated use of hand force were used in a job exposure matrix (JEM). Job titles were retrieved from the Danish registers.

Risk of pain in the neck and shoulders and job change among hairdressers: a combined questionnaire and register-based Danish prospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate whether intensity of work as a hairdresser was associated with treatments for pain, and if musculoskeletal pain was associated with leaving the hairdressing trade.

Methods: We formed two cohorts of hairdressers covered in the PensionDanmark Health Scheme (PDHS). Cohort 1 consisted of 1304 active hairdressers in 2009.

Impact of a manager-oriented intervention on occupational exposures and well-being among pregnant hospital and day-care employees: A cluster randomised trial.

Background: Pregnancy can make it difficult to cope with demands at work and may affect women's well-being. We investigated if a manager-targeted educational intervention reduced demanding occupational exposures and improved the psychosocial work environment and well-being among pregnant employees.

Methods: Data came from a cluster randomised trial in Danish hospitals and day-care institutions.

Occupational inhalant exposures and longitudinal lung function decline.

Background: Airborne exposures at the workplace are believed to be associated with lung function decline. However, longitudinal studies are few, and results are conflicting.

Methods: Participants from two general population-based cohorts, the Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study, with at least two lung function measurements were followed for a mean of 9 years (range 3-27 years).

Chronic productive cough and inhalant occupational exposure-a study of the general population.

Purpose: Occupational inhalant exposures have been linked with a higher occurrence of chronic productive cough, but recent studies question the association.

Methods: We included participants from two general population studies, the Copenhagen City General Population Study and the Copenhagen City Heart Study, to assess contemporary (year 2003-2017) and historical (1976-1983) occupational inhalant hazards. Job titles one year prior to study inclusion and an airborne chemical job-exposure matrix (ACE JEM) were used to estimate occupational exposure.

Manager-oriented intervention to reduce absence among pregnant employees in the healthcare and daycare sector: a cluster randomised trial.

Objective: The aim was to test if targeting managers with an educational intervention reduces absence among pregnant employees.

Methods: The study was a non-blinded cluster randomised trial conducted in hospitals and daycare institutions from two administrative Danish Regions and two Danish municipalities. Clusters (work units) were assigned randomly and non-blinded to either (1) intervention, where all managers were invited to participate in a 3-hour seminar addressing needs and options for adjustment of work in pregnancy, or (2) control, with practice as usual.

Occupational exposures and exacerbations of asthma and COPD-A general population study.

Purpose: Recent studies suggest that occupational inhalant exposures trigger exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but findings are conflicting.

Methods: We included 7,768 individuals with self-reported asthma (n = 3,215) and/or spirometric airflow limitation (forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/ forced expiratory volume (FVC) <0.70) (n = 5,275) who participated in The Copenhagen City Heart Study or The Copenhagen General Population Study from 2001-2016.

Cardiovascular disease and long-term occupational exposure to ultrafine particles: A cohort study of airport workers.

Aim: To investigate if ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease is associated with long-term occupational exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) outdoors at an airport.

Methods And Results: This is a register-based follow-up study based on a cohort comprising an exposed group of 6515 men employed in unskilled work at Copenhagen Airport and a reference group of 61,617 men in unskilled work in other firms in greater Copenhagen during 1990-2012. The exposure was assessed from information on proportion of time spent on the airport apron for each calendar year (apron-years) and the primary exposure measure was cumulated apron-years.

Knee osteoarthritis among airport baggage handlers: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a common and often disabling disorder, which has been related to knee-straining work. However, exposure response relations are uncertain and there are few prospective studies. We studied prospectively if incident knee osteoarthritis is associated with cumulative exposure as an airport baggage handler, lifting on average 5000 kg/d.

Occupational lifting predicts hospital admission due to low back pain in a cohort of airport baggage handlers.

Purpose: To examine if occupational lifting assessed as cumulative years as a baggage handler is associated with first-time hospital diagnosis or treatment for low back disorders.

Methods: This study is based on the Copenhagen Airport Cohort consisting of male baggage handlers performing heavy lifting every day and a reference group of unskilled men from the greater Copenhagen area during the period 1990-2012. We followed the cohort in the National Patient Register and Civil Registration System to obtain information on diagnoses, surgery, mortality, and migration.

Risk of subacromial shoulder disorder in airport baggage handlers: combining duration and intensity of musculoskeletal shoulder loads.

Musculoskeletal shoulder load among baggage handlers measured by combining duration and intensity based on biomechanical and epidemiological information may be a stronger predictor of subacromial shoulder disorders than baggage handler seniority. In 2012, a cohort of baggage handlers employed at Copenhagen Airport in 1990-2012, and a cohort of unskilled otherwise employed men answered a survey. Self-reported information on work tasks during employment in the airport in combination with work task specific biomechanically modelled forces in the shoulder joint was used to estimate shoulder load.

Copenhagen Airport Cohort: air pollution, manual baggage handling and health.

Purpose: Copenhagen Airport Cohort 1990-2012 presents a unique data source for studies of health effects of occupational exposure to air pollution (ultrafine particles) and manual baggage handling among airport employees. We describe the extent of information in the cohort and in the follow-up based on data linkage to the comprehensive Danish nationwide health registers. In the cohort, all information is linked to the personal identification number that also is used in Denmark Statistics demographic and socioeconomic databases and in the nationwide health registers.

Total and respirable dust exposures among carpenters and demolition workers during indoor work in Denmark.

Background: Within the construction industry the risk of lung disorders depends on the specific professions probably due to variations in the levels of dust exposure, and with dust levels depending on the work task and job function. We do not know the extent of exposure in the different professions or the variation between the different work tasks. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess if there were differences in dust exposure between carpenters and demolition workers who were expected to have low and high dust exposure, respectively.

A Cohort Study on Meniscal Lesions among Airport Baggage Handlers.

Meniscal lesions are common and may contribute to the development of knee arthrosis. A few case-control and cross-sectional studies have identified knee-straining work as risk factors for meniscal lesions, but exposure-response relations and the role of specific exposures are uncertain, and previous results may be sensitive to reporting and selection bias. We examined the relation between meniscal lesions and cumulative exposure to heavy lifting in a prospective register-based study with complete follow-up and independent information on exposure and outcome.

Subacromial shoulder disorders among baggage handlers: an observational cohort study.

Purpose: To assess the influence of cumulative employment as baggage handler on the risk of incident subacromial shoulder disorders. Baggage handling is characterized by repetitive work primarily consisting of heavy lifting in awkward positions and time pressure.

Methods: This cohort study is based on the Copenhagen Airport Cohort consisting of unskilled men with employment at Copenhagen Airport and unskilled men with employment in other firms in the Greater Copenhagen area during the period 1990-2012.

Occupational exposure to ultrafine particles among airport employees--combining personal monitoring and global positioning system.

Background: Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) has been linked to cardiovascular and lung diseases. Combustion of jet fuel and diesel powered handling equipment emit UFP resulting in potentially high exposure levels among employees working at airports. High levels of UFP have been reported at several airports, especially on the apron, but knowledge on individual exposure profiles among different occupational groups working at an airport is lacking.

Baggage handler seniority and musculoskeletal symptoms: is heavy lifting in awkward positions associated with the risk of pain?

Objectives: Heavy lifting is associated with musculoskeletal disorders but it is unclear whether it is related to acute reversible effects or to chronic effects from cumulated exposure. The aim of this study was to examine whether musculoskeletal symptoms in Danish airport baggage handlers were associated with their seniority as baggage handler, indicating chronic effects from cumulated workload.

Methods: We established a group of baggage handlers employed at Copenhagen Airport during the period 1983-2012 (n=3092) and a reference group of men in other unskilled occupations with less heavy work (n=2478).

Plasma polychlorinated biphenyls in residents of 91 PCB-contaminated and 108 non-contaminated dwellings-an exposure study.

Background: In the1950s-1970s polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used in several countries as plasticizers in elastic sealants in buildings.

Objective: The primary objective was to study whether residents of PCB-contaminated dwellings had higher plasma levels of PCBs than their neighbours in non-contaminated dwellings. The secondary objective was to study possible associations between concentrations of PCBs in the indoor air and in the plasma of residents.

Chronic lower respiratory diseases among demolition and cement workers: a population-based register study.

Objective: To estimate standardised hospitalisation ratios (SHR) for chronic lower respiratory diseases among demolition and cement workers in Denmark, 1995-2009.

Design: This is a population-based register study on data from 'the Occupational Hospitalisation Register'. SHR of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was calculated for both demolition and cement workers.

Time trend in hospitalised chronic lower respiratory diseases among Danish building and construction workers, 1981-2009: a cohort study.

Objectives: To show trends in age-standardised hospital admission ratios (SHR) for chronic lower respiratory diseases, estimated for Danish construction workers over three time periods (1981-1990, 1991-2000, 2001-2009).

Design: Within consecutive cohorts of all male building and construction workers in Denmark, selected occupations: bricklayers, carpenters, electricians, painters, plumbers and 'other construction workers' were followed up for hospitalisation due to chronic lower respiratory diseases. SHR was calculated for each occupation and time period.