Isolated and Combined Effects of Moderate Normobaric Hypoxia and Sleep Restriction on Energy Intake and Food Reward.

Hypoxia (HY) and sleep deprivation have opposite effects on appetite. As HY may alter sleep, it may be informative to assess the accumulative effects of these two stressors on hunger, energy intake (EI), and food reward. Seventeen young, active, healthy males completed four 5-hr sessions in normoxia (NO) or normobaric HY (FIO2 = 13.

Cognitive performance during exposure to moderate normobaric hypoxia after sleep restriction: Relationship to physiological and stress biomarkers.

Introduction: Exposure to moderate levels of simulated hypoxia has subtle cognitive effects relative to ground level, in healthy individuals. However, there are few data on the cognitive consequences of the combination of hypoxia and partial sleep deprivation, which is a classic military or civilian operational context. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to moderate hypoxia while sleep-restricted impairs several domains of cognition, and we also assessed physiological parameters and salivary concentrations of cortisol and alpha-amylase.

Dietary supplement use among military personnel: international patterns and motivations for use.

Dietary supplements, products that contain one or more dietary ingredients, or their components, typically in a concentrated form, are often consumed for purported health and performance benefits. The frequency, forms and motivations for dietary supplement use may differ between civilian and military populations. The objective of this manuscript is to review patterns and trends in dietary supplement use in military personnel from the USA, France, the UK and Slovenia.

Twenty four-hour passive heat and cold exposures did not modify energy intake and appetite but strongly modify food reward.

Effects of acute thermal exposures on appetite appear hypothetical in reason of very heterogeneous methodologies. The aim of this study was therefore to clearly define the effects of passive 24-h cold (16°C) and heat (32°C) exposures on appetitive responses compared with a thermoneutral condition (24°C). Twenty-three healthy, young and active male participants realised three sessions (from 13.

Evaluation of the efficacy of a light ration adapted to cold weather during a 20-day expedition in Greenland.

Introduction: Limiting body mass loss during military expeditions/training in the cold by providing rations containing easy-to-use, highly palatable, and familiar foods is feasible, but the bulk/weight is too high to be realistically used in a military context. We carried out an analysis of lighter rations adapted to cold weather (1,011 g, 15.7 MJ/3750 kcal) during a 20-day expedition in Greenland.

Weight regain, body composition, and metabolic responses to weight loss in weight cycling athletes: A systematic review and meta-analyses.

Depending on the nature of their sports, athletes may be engaged in successive weight loss (WL) and regain, conducing to "weight cycling." The aims of this paper were to systematically (and meta-analytically when possible) analyze the post-WL recovery of (i) body weight and (ii) fat mass; fat-free mass; and performance and metabolic responses in weight cycling athletes (18-55 years old, body mass index < 30 kg.m ).

Neuromuscular and Metabolic Responses during Repeated Bouts of Loaded Downhill Walking.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles for their nervous and mechanical adaptations during two bouts of downhill walking (DW) with load carriage performed 2 wk apart. Moreover, we investigated cardiometabolic and perceived exertion responses during both DW bouts.

Methods: Seventeen participants performed two 45-min sessions of loaded DW (30% of body mass; slope, -25%; speed, 4.

Contractile properties are less affected at long than short muscle length after eccentric exercise.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the electrically evoked muscle responses are differently affected over time by the knee joint angle after an exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). We hypothesized that low-frequency-evoked responses would be less affected at long than short muscle length, and that mechanisms located within the muscle and tendinous tissues would be involved.

Methods: Fifteen males performed 45 min loaded downhill walking (DW) exercise.

Qualitative Evaluation of Educational Content on Lateral Spine Surgery YouTube™ Demonstrations.

Objective:  This study assessed the quality of educational content for lateral spine fusion procedures on YouTube™.

Methods:  YouTube™ was searched using the following keywords and phrases:"Lateral lumbar interbody fusion," "lateral lumbar spine surgery," "Oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF)," "Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF)," and "Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF)." An expert panel of three senior-level spine surgeons [rater one to three (R1-R3)] rated videos on 13 qualitative evaluation parameters via a modified Delphi approach.

Complication rates following stand-alone lateral interbody fusion: a single institution series after 10 years of experience.

Purpose: This retrospective single institution study's goal was to analyze and report the complications from stand-alone lateral lumbar interbody fusions (LLIF).

Methods: This research was approved by the institutional review board (STUDY2021000113). We retrospectively reviewed the database of patients with adult degenerative spine deformity treated via LLIF at our institution between January 2016 and December 2020.

Appropriateness of indirect markers of muscle damage following lower limbs eccentric-biased exercises: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Purpose: The aim of this review was to (1) characterize the time-course of markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) based on the level of maximal voluntary contraction torque loss at 24-48h post-exercise (MVCloss24-48h), (2) identify factors (e.g., exercise and population characteristics) affecting the level of MVCloss24-48h, and (3) evaluate the appropriateness of EIMD markers as indicators of MVCloss24-48h.

The impact of 16-h heat exposure on appetite and food reward in adults.

Heat exposure is thought to reduce energy intake (EI) but studies are sparse and results not always concordant. The aim of this study was to examine whether a 16-h exposure to 32 °C leads to reduced EI compared to a control session (22 °C) and whether modifications in appetite sensations or food reward are implied. Sixteen healthy, lean, and active participants (9 women and 7 men, 25 ± 5 yo, body mass index: 22.

Fluctuations in food and fluid intake during a 24-h World Championship: analysis of the deviation from nutritional programs.

Background: A food and fluid intake program is essential for ultraendurance athletes to maximize performance and avoid possible gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS). However, the ability to follow such a program during a race has been under-assessed. We thus investigated the fluctuations of food and fluid intake during the 24-h run World Championship of 12 elite athletes (6 men and 6 women; age: 46 ± 7 years, height: 170 ± 9 cm, weight: 61.

Muscle Shear Elastic Modulus Provides an Indication of the Protection Conferred by the Repeated Bout Effect.

The neuromuscular system is able to quickly adapt to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), such that it is less affected by subsequent damaging exercise, a phenomenon known as the repeated bout effect (RBE). The objective was to determine whether the mechanical properties of the quadriceps, as evaluated by shear wave elastography (SWE), were less affected when a second bout of eccentric-biased exercise was performed 2 weeks later. It was hypothesized that the first bout would confer protection against extensive muscle damage through an adaptation of the muscle stiffness before the second bout (i.

Towards a More Realistic Appraisal of Complications Following Staged Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Single Institution Series.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: With steadily increasing implementation of far lateral approaches in spine surgery, surgeons can utilize the advantages of different approaches synergistically to ensure an optimal patient outcome. Our single institution study aimed to assess the complication rates of patients who underwent a lateral interbody fusion as the index procedure and additional anterior or posterior instrumentation as part of a planned staged surgical reconstruction effort.

Retinal atrophy and markers of systemic and cerebrovascular severity in homozygous sickle cell disease.

Introduction: While paramacular retinal atrophy (PRA) is known to be found in 48% of eyes of adults and 42% of eyes of children with homozygous SCD (SS-SCD), the aim of this study is to assess the association between PRA and red blood cell (RBC) deformability, hematological markers and brain imaging abnormalities in SS-SCD.

Methods: This study is a subset of , a prospective observational study performed between August 2015 and August 2016. Children (5-17 years) with SS-SCD and no history of large vessel vasculopathy, were included.

The Efficacy of Cannabis in Reducing Back Pain: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To critically analyze the evidence and efficacy of cannabis to treat surgical and nonsurgical back pain via a Systematic Review.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review to investigate the efficacy of cannabis to treat non-surgical and surgical back pain. A literature search was performed with MEDLINE and Embase databases.

Effects of Acute Heat and Cold Exposures at Rest or during Exercise on Subsequent Energy Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect of acute heat/cold exposure on subsequent energy intake (EI) in adults. We searched the following sources for publications on this topic: PubMed, Ovid Medline, Science Direct and SPORTDiscus. The eligibility criteria for study selection were: randomized controlled trials performed in adults (169 men and 30 women; 20-52 years old) comparing EI at one or more meals taken , during and/or after exposure to heat/cold and thermoneutral conditions.

An augmented food strategy leads to complete energy compensation during a 15-day military training expedition in the cold.

Soldiers on military expeditions usually fail to compensate for the increase in energy expenditure, with potential deleterious consequences. We therefore analyzed the characteristics of energy compensation in 12 male soldiers, during a 15-day expedition in the cold, while alleviating some of the contextual limitations of food intake (~20-MJ daily bags of easy-to-use, highly palatable and familiar foods with multiple and long breaks allowed during the day). Body and fat mass losses were low and moderate, respectively (-1.

Circulating microRNAs after a 24-h ultramarathon run in relation to muscle damage markers in elite athletes.

Ultra-endurance sports are growing in popularity but can be associated with adverse health effects, such as exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), which can lead to exertional rhabdomyolysis. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) may be useful to approach the degree of EIMD. We aimed to (1) investigate the relevance of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of muscle damage and (2) examine the acute response of skeletal/cardiac muscle and kidney biomarkers to a 24-h run in elite athletes.

Negative energy balance during military training: The role of contextual limitations.

During multiday training exercises, soldiers almost systematically face a moderate-to-large energy deficit, affecting their body mass and composition and potentially their physical and cognitive performance. Such energy deficits are explained by their inability to increase their energy intake during these highly demanding periods. With the exception of certain scenarios in which rations are voluntarily undersized to maximize the constraints, the energy content of the rations are often sufficient to maintain a neutral energy balance, suggesting that other limitations are responsible for such voluntary and/or spontaneous underconsumption.