Subclonal Cancer Driver Mutations Are Prevalent in the Unresected Peritumoral Edema of Adult Diffuse Gliomas.

Unlabelled: Adult diffuse gliomas commonly recur regardless of therapy. As recurrence typically arises from the peritumoral edema adjacent to the resected bulk tumor, the profiling of somatic mutations from infiltrative malignant cells within this critical, unresected region could provide important insights into residual disease. A key obstacle has been the inability to distinguish between next-generation sequencing (NGS) noise and the true but weak signal from tumor cells hidden among the noncancerous brain tissue of the peritumoral edema.

Shear Stress-Responsive Polymersome Nanoreactors Inspired by the Marine Bioluminescence of Dinoflagellates.

Some marine plankton called dinoflagellates emit light in response to the movement of surrounding water, resulting in a phenomenon called milky seas or sea sparkle. The underlying concept, a shear-stress induced permeabilisation of biocatalytic reaction compartments, is transferred to polymer-based nanoreactors. Amphiphilic block copolymers that carry nucleobases in their hydrophobic block are self-assembled into polymersomes.

Chromophores of chromophores: a bottom-up Hückel picture of the excited states of photoactive proteins.

Many photoactive proteins contain chromophores based on para-substituted phenolate anions which are an essential component of their electronic structure. Here, we present a reductionist approach to gain fundamental insight into the evolution of electronic structure as the chromophore increases in complexity from phenolate to that in GFP. Using frequency- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, in combination with electronic structure theory, the onset of excited states that are responsible for the characteristic spectroscopic features in biochromophores are determined.

Sensitivity of Photoelectron Angular Distributions to Molecular Conformations of Anions.

An anion photoelectron imaging study probing the sensitivity of the photoelectron angular distribution (PAD) to conformational changes is presented. The PADs of a series of para-substituted phenolate anions is compared with those calculated using the Dyson orbital formalization. Good agreement was attained for the two observed direct detachment channels of all anions, except for the lowest-energy detachment channel of para-ethyl phenolate for which two conformations exist that yield very different PADs.