Understanding the Complexity of Early-Onset Dementia.

Dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, affects millions globally, with its prevalence increasing notably with age. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease, however, affects individuals under 65 years old. Unfortunately, diagnosing dementia in patients under 65 years old is quite challenging and is often delayed, missed, or wrong.

Malpractice Litigation in Plastic Surgery: Can We Identify Patterns?

Background: Malpractice litigation has a significant impact on healthcare costs and important professional implications for healthcare providers.

Objectives: The authors sought to comprehensively characterize the litigation landscape in plastic surgery across its different subspecialties.

Methods: The authors utilized the Westlaw legal database to conduct a comprehensive search of malpractice cases in the United States in the following categories: cosmetic, reconstructive, hand, craniofacial, and gender affirmation surgery.

Single center preliminary experience with hand-assisted laparoscopic resection of isolated renal cell carcinoma fossa recurrences.

Objectives: Solitary metastasis to the renal fossa after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma is uncommon. We report the first series on hand-assisted laparoscopic excision for renal cell carcinoma fossa recurrences.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic excision of renal cell carcinoma fossa recurrence.

Ketorolac effectively inhibits ureteral contractility in vitro.

Introduction: The use of ketorolac in the management of painful symptoms associated with urinary stones is well supported in the literature; however, the gastric and renal adverse effects limit the dose and duration of administration. As a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ketorolac can act locally to help control renal colic by inhibiting smooth muscle contractions and inflammation. We sought to confirm ketorolac's inhibition of ureteral contractility and determine a dose response relationship to identify an effectiveness range.

Comparison of blade temperature dynamics after activation of Harmonic Ace scalpel and the Ultracision Harmonic Scalpel LCS-K5.

Purpose: To compare tip temperatures of the vibrating blades of the newer-generation Harmonic Ace device and the older-generation Ultracision Harmonic Scalpel LCS-K5.

Materials And Methods: Comparison of two different harmonic scalpel blades was performed by applying them to 3-mm strips of raw chicken breast at room temperature and measuring the temperature of the tip of the vibrating blade at 0.5-second intervals using a thermocouple.

Cryoablation of small renal masses: assessment of the outcome at one institution.

Objective: To report our 5-year experience with laparoscopic and percutaneous cryoablation (LCA and PCA) for managing small renal masses.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analysed patients undergoing LCA and PCA between October 2000 and March 2006 at our institution. After approval from the Institutional Review Board, charts were reviewed retrospectively for variables during and after CA, and for clinical outcomes, the latter including the efficacy of the procedure in achieving overall, cancer-specific and recurrence-free survival.

Treatment selection and outcomes: renal calculi.

This article summarizes the history of how renal stones have been treated over the centuries and reviews current treatments and outcomes for renal stones. The authors provide an algorithm based on available outcome data for shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Management of ischemic priapism with high-dose intracavernosal phenylephrine: from bench to bedside.

Introduction: Ischemic priapism is associated with cavernosal acidosis, which decreases the efficacy of adrenergic agonists. We determined the effect of acidosis on ligand dissociation from adrenergic receptors and assessed the efficacy of high-dose phenylephrine in treating patients with acute ischemic priapism.

Methods: Dissociation rates of [3H]prazosin were determined at pH 7.

Energy ablative techniques for treatment of small renal tumors.

Purpose Of Review: The success of partial nephrectomy for the treatment of small renal cancers has led to the development of energy ablative technologies, which are less invasive alternatives for performing nephron-sparing surgery. Currently, cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation are the two most reported technologies. Both technologies use very different means to cause cellular injury.

Laparoscopic ureterolysis for benign and malignant conditions.

Ureteral obstruction secondary to extrinsic compression is uncommon. Extrinsic compression results from both benign and malignant conditions of the retroperitoneum. In certain patients, laparoscopic ureterolysis is a minimally invasive alternative to the open approach.

Three-chamber priapism in a patient with primary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of penis.

A 58-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of painful progressive penile firmness, initially diagnosed as Peyronie's disease. Penile fibrosis involved the entire corpora cavernosa and spongiosum, making it consistent with three-chamber priapism. Cavernosal biopsies revealed epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and the metastatic workup found hepatic and pulmonary lesions.