Case report of a Sertoli cell tumor with unique presentation including fevers, weight loss, and leukocytosis in a 13-year-old male.

Sertoli cell tumors are a rare type of sex-cord stromal tumor. We present a case of a thirteen-year-old male presenting with 2-3 months of fevers and twenty-pound weight loss. Evaluation revealed leukocytosis, anemia, elevated systemic inflammatory markers and a negative infectious disease evaluation.

National pilot of entrustable professional activities in pathology residency training.

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are observable clinical skills and/or procedures that have been introduced into medical education at the student and resident levels in most specialties to determine readiness to advance into residency or independent practice, respectively. This publication describes the process and outcomes of a pilot study looking at the feasibility of using two anatomic pathology and two clinical pathology EPAs in pathology residency in 6 pathology residency programs that volunteered for the study. Faculty development on EPAs and their assessment was provided to pilot program faculty, and EPA assessment tools were developed and used by the pilot programs.

Leveraging faculty development to support validation of entrustable professional activities assessment tools in anatomic and clinical pathology training.

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are observable activities that define the practice of medicine and provide a framework of evaluation that has been incorporated into US medical school curricula in both undergraduate and graduate medical education. This manuscript describes the development of an entrustment scale and formative and summative evaluations for pathology EPAs, outlines a process for faculty development that was employed in a pilot study implementing two Anatomic Pathology and two Clinical Pathology EPAs in volunteer pathology residency programs, and provides initial validation data for the proposed pathology entrustment scales. Prior to implementation, faculty development was necessary to train faculty on the entrustment scale for each given activity.

Leadership perspectives on osteopathic medical school applicants to pathology residency training.

The number of graduating allopathic (MD) medical students matching into pathology has declined in recent years, while the number of osteopathic (DO) medical students has increased modestly, given the rapid expansion of osteopathic medical schools. Nonscholarly publications and materials on the internet often perpetuate negative perceptions of osteopathic physicians. Anecdotally, perspectives exist that some pathology residency programs are not DO-friendly; however, the reasons and how widespread an effect this might be are unclear.

Hemoglobin β-Globin Variants In Hispanic Patients: An Institutional Experience From Dallas, Texas.

Hemoglobinopathies are the most common single-gene disorders in humans. There are 1,424 variants of human hemoglobin described with 951 involving the β-globin gene. Ancestry and geography play a significant role in the incidence and nature of hemoglobinopathies, with African, Asian, and Mediterranean populations and their descendants being amongst the most affected.

How influential are medical school curriculum and other medical school characteristics in students' selecting pathology as a specialty?

There has been a significant decline in the number of United States allopathic medical students matching to pathology residency programs. Data acquired from the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) show sustained variation in the medical school production of students who go on to pathology residency. When divided into groups based on the medical school's historical volume of graduates entering pathology, the schools in groups labeled Group 1 and Group 2 produced significantly higher and lower proportions of pathology residents, respectively.

Experiential exposure as the key to recruiting medical students into pathology.

Medical student interest and pursuit of a career in pathology have been steadily declining since 2015. We conducted three separate surveys of medical students to better understand these trends. In our first survey, we focused on assessing U.

A t(11;14)(q13;q32)/CCND1::IGH carrying progenitor germinal B-cell with subsequent cytogenetic aberrations contributes to the development of classic Hodgkin lymphoma.

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by the presence of Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells. Although HRS cells express PAX5, cHL frequently lacks other B-cell markers. There is now evidence that HRS cells are monoclonal and are derived from germinal center B-cells.

The pathology fellowship application crisis: The current state and suggestions for remediation.

Problems within the Pathology fellowship application process in the US have been recognized and reported for years. Recently, members of the Graduate Medical Education Committee (GMEC) of the Association of Pathology Chairs (APC) and collaborators collected survey data from the residents themselves and the fellowship programs, as represented by both the fellowship program directors (members of the Fellowship Directors Ad Hoc Committee, FDAHC) and the program administrators (members of the Graduate Medical Education Administrators Section, GMEAS). These data are presented and discussed, and potential steps to resolve some of the problems around fellowship applications in pathology are presented.

Factors influencing US osteopathic medical students to choose pathology as a specialty.

The decline in the number of US allopathic (Medical Doctor or M.D.) medical students matching to pathology residency has been a topic of much discussion at national pathology professional society meetings and in recent publications.

SARS-CoV-2 Immunohistochemistry In Placenta.

Compared to the parental SARS-CoV-2 virus, infections by the now dominant Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 appear to be more common and more severe in pregnant women. The need for a robust, cheap, and quick method for diagnosing placental infection by SARS-CoV-2 has thus become more acute. Here, we describe a highly sensitive and specific immunohistochemical assay for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein for routine use in placental pathology practice.

Esophagus-Like Bronchus: A Noncommunicating Bronchopulmonary Foregut Malformation.

We describe a previously unreported bronchopulmonary foregut malformation wherein a segment of a bronchus of the lower lobe of the left lung in a 4-year-old girl was entirely esophageal in structure. No communication was identified between the tracheobronchial tree and the esophagus by radiologic examination or at surgery. The esophagus-like bronchus was associated with an adjacent atretic bronchus and a downstream cavity in the lower lobe of the left lung.

Positive Job Search Experience for New Pathologists Seeking First Employment Between 2017 and 2019.

Context.—: An aging population calls for an adequate response in the workforce of medical professionals. The field of pathology has seen a downward trend in numbers of graduating US allopathic medical students choosing the specialty.

Factors Influencing US Allopathic Medical Students to Choose Pathology as a Specialty.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the crucial role of pathologists in the health care system at a time of significant decline in the number of US medical students matching to pathology residency positions. To understand this decline, a national survey of fourth-year US allopathic medical students was conducted to assess experiences, knowledge, and attitudes of pathology and factors that impact specialty choice. Participating in a separate pathology course did not increase the probability of choosing pathology.

Smart Glasses as a Surgical Pathology Grossing Tool.

Context.—: Smart glasses are a wearable technology that enable hands-free data acquisition and entry.

Objective.

Pediatric Warthin-like Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: Report of Two Cases with One Persistent/Recurrent as Conventional Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common primary salivary gland malignancy. While salivary gland neoplasia is rare in children, MEC is much more likely to occur in the pediatric population than Warthin tumor, a common benign salivary gland neoplasm associated with smoking and older age. The recently-reported Warthin-like variant of MEC bears a striking histologic resemblance to Warthin tumor, representing a potential diagnostic pitfall.

Entry of Graduates of US Pathology Residency Programs Into the Workforce: Cohort Data Between 2008 and 2016 Remain Positive and Stable.

The pathologist workforce in the United States is a topic of interest to the health-care community as a whole and to institutions responsible for the training of new pathologists in particular. Although a pathologist shortage has been projected, there has been a pervasive belief by medical students and their advisors that there are "no jobs in pathology." In 2013 and again in 2017, the Program Directors Section of the Association of Pathology Chairs conducted surveys asking pathology residency directors to report the employment status of each of their residents graduating in the previous 5 years.

CT and MRI findings in leptomeningeal melanocytosis.

Leptomeningeal melanocytosis is a rare cause of seizure in the pediatric population. Shown here is a case of this disease in a 9-year-old male who presented with seizures and minor trauma. Imaging showed progression of leptomeningeal enhancement in the setting of increased seizure activity, and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis.

Gender Parity in Gainful Employment and Other Gender Trends in the Job Market for Recent Pathology Graduates.

Context.—: Gender-based barriers to equal salary, career advancement, and leadership still exist in medicine. Herein we provide the first report of data comparing the experiences of men and women seeking their first nonfellowship position in pathology.

Will I Need to Move to Get My First Job?: Geographic Relocation and Other Trends in the Pathology Job Market.

Context.—: There is an ongoing perception that the pathology job market is poor, which may be discouraging medical students from pursuing the specialty. Academic pathologists believe that jobs are available but relocation may be necessary.