Atypical Wenckebach without grouped beating due to dual AV nodal conduction.

A 31-year-old woman reported dizziness in the early postpartum period after receiving dexmedetomidine. The ECG was misinterpreted as complete heart block; however, more careful analysis revealed an atypical Wenckebach pattern with dual AV nodal conduction and termination of nonconducted P waves with junctional escape beats. The patient's rhythm returned to sinus after stopping dexmedetomidine.

Therapeutic targets for cardiac fibrosis: from old school to next-gen.

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide, with pathological fibrotic remodeling mediated by activated cardiac myofibroblasts representing a unifying theme across etiologies. Despite the profound contributions of myocardial fibrosis to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, there currently exist limited clinical interventions that effectively target the cardiac fibroblast and its role in fibrotic tissue deposition. Exploration of novel strategies designed to mitigate or reverse myofibroblast activation and cardiac fibrosis will likely yield powerful therapeutic approaches for the treatment of multiple diseases of the heart, including heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction, acute coronary syndrome, and cardiovascular disease linked to type 2 diabetes.

The Sarcomeric Spring Protein Titin: Biophysical Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, and Genetic Mutations Associated with Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy.

Purpose Of Review: The giant protein titin forms the "elastic" filament of the sarcomere, essential for the mechanical compliance of the heart muscle. Titin serves a biological spring, and therefore structural modifications of titin affect function of the myocardium and are associated with heart failure and cardiomyopathy.

Recent Findings: In this review, we discuss the current understanding of titin's biophysical properties and how modifications contribute to cardiac function and heart failure.

Modifications of Titin Contribute to the Progression of Cardiomyopathy and Represent a Therapeutic Target for Treatment of Heart Failure.

Titin is the largest human protein and an essential component of the cardiac sarcomere. With multiple immunoglobulin(Ig)-like domains that serve as molecular springs, titin contributes significantly to the passive tension, systolic function, and diastolic function of the heart. Mutations leading to early termination of titin are the most common genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy.

The Giant Protein Titin's Role in Cardiomyopathy: Genetic, Transcriptional, and Post-translational Modifications of TTN and Their Contribution to Cardiac Disease.

Unlabelled: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of heart failure, sudden cardiac death and heart transplant. DCM is inherited in approximately 50% of cases, in which the most frequent genetic defects are truncation variants of the titin gene (tv). encodes titin, which is the largest protein in the body and is an essential component of the sarcomere.

Gene Splice Mutations Cause Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Objective: To identify novel dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) causing genes, and to elucidate the pathological mechanism leading to DCM by utilizing zebrafish as a model organism.

Background: DCM, a major cause of heart failure, is frequently familial and caused by a genetic defect. However, only 50% of DCM cases can be attributed to a known DCM gene variant, motivating the ongoing search for novel disease genes.