MicroRNAs as Regulators of Cancer Cell Energy Metabolism.

To adapt to the tumor environment or to escape chemotherapy, cancer cells rapidly reprogram their metabolism. The hallmark biochemical phenotype of cancer cells is the shift in metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis. It was thought that this metabolic shift to glycolysis alone was sufficient for cancer cells to meet their heightened energy and metabolic demands for proliferation and survival.

Assessment of Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as an Early Diagnostic Marker of Leptospirosis.

The search for valuable early diagnostic markers for leptospirosis is ongoing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) for leptospirosis. MIF is an immunoregulatory cytokine secreted by a variety of cell types involved in immune response and the pathogenesis of various diseases.

hTLR2 interacting peptides of pathogenic leptospiral outer membrane proteins.

To adapt into the host system from moist environment Leptospira alter their gene expression by inducing differential expression of the genes encoding virulence factors. Knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis and virulent evolution remains limited to Leptospira. The pathogenic organism sense the environmental changes mainly through their outer membrane proteins that in-turn activates the signal transduction pathways to overcome the stress to adaptation into host system and to evade immunity.

Biochemical analysis of leptospiral LPS explained the difference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic serogroups.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major surface antigen of Leptospira. In this study, the genes involved in the LPS biosynthesis were analyzed and compared by bioinformatics tools. Also, the chemical composition analysis of leptospiral lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted from 5 pathogenic serovars like Autumnalis, Australis, Ballum, Grippotyphosa, Pomona, and the nonpathogenic serovar Andamana was performed.

Leptospiral protein LIC11334 display an immunogenic peptide KNSMP01.

Leptospirosis is considered as a neglected tropical disease which is caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. The precise mechanisms of leptospirosis pathogenesis are unclear and hence, the progress in development of treatment modalities has been dismal. The present study aimed to identify novel virulent factors of leptospires to understand the disease pathogenesis and to develop treatment modalities.

MicroRNAs Regulated by the LPS/TLR2 Immune Axis as Bona Fide Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Acute Leptospirosis.

Leptospirosis remains a significant human health issue due to its systemic complications. Therefore, biomarkers that are more effective are urgently needed for the early diagnosis of leptospirosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved regulatory RNAs that have shown the potential to be used as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of infectious diseases.

Silver enhanced nano-gold dot blot immunoassay for leptospirosis.

Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease and lacks in efficient diagnostic tools. In the present study, a nanogold based dot blot immunoassay was developed and evaluated for the detection of leptospirosis in human urine samples. This method was found to be rapid (<4 h) with higher sensitivity (>4.

Heterologous DNA prime-protein boost immunization with RecA and FliD offers cross-clade protection against leptospiral infection.

The emergence of >300 serovars of Leptospira confounded the use of generalized bacterin, the whole cell lysate, as vaccines to control leptospirosis. Because of substantial genetic and geographic heterogeneity among circulating serovars, one vaccine strain per serovar cannot be efficacious against all the serovars. We have performed heterologous DNA prime-protein boost vaccination challenge studies in hamsters using in vivo expressed, leptospiral recombinase A (RecA) and flagellar hook associated protein (FliD).

Protective immunity of recombinant LipL21 and I-LipL21 against Leptospira interrogans serovar Autumnalis N2 infection.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the spirochete of genus Leptospira with widespread distribution in tropical, subtropical and temperate zones. Leptospirosis is often confused with other febrile illnesses including jaundice, dengue, and malaria. Generally, the disease is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed.

Discovery of 6,7-dihydro-3H-pyrano[4,3-c]isoxazol-3-ones as a new class of pathogen specific anti-leptospiral agents.

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of a series of 6,7-dihydro-3H-pyrano[4,3-c]isoxazol-3-one derivatives starting from 5-carboalkoxy-2,3-dihydropyranone (5-CDHPs) has been developed. Pyranoisoxazolones 10a-j, dihydronaphthopyran-4-one (DHNPs) class of natural product 12b and 12c and its analogues 12a and 13a-c were preliminarily screened against pathogenic leptospiral serovar Autumnalis strain N2 at various concentrations. Six pyranoisoxazolones, 10b, 10d, 10f, 10g, 10i and 10j which displayed very good anti-leptospiral activity was taken for secondary screening against twelve strains of pathogenic and one non-pathogenic leptospiral serovars.

Evaluation of combined B cell specific N-terminal immunogenic domains of LipL21 for diagnosis of leptospirosis.

Leptospiral outer membrane protein LipL21 and its truncated N-terminal immunogenic region (I-LipL21) were evaluated for diagnosis of leptospirosis. The complete coding sequence of LipL21 nucleotide sequence was subjected to BCPred and VaxiJen analysis for determination of B cell specific immunogenic epitopes. Epitope1 ACS STD TGQ KDA TTV GDG (1.