Network-based prioritization and validation of regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in disease.

Aberrant vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) homeostasis and proliferation characterize vascular diseases causing heart attack and stroke. Here we elucidate molecular determinants governing VSMC proliferation by reconstructing gene regulatory networks from single-cell transcriptomics and epigenetic profiling. We detect widespread activation of enhancers at disease-relevant loci in proliferation-predisposed VSMCs.

Network-based prioritization and validation of regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in disease.

Aberrant vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) homeostasis and proliferation characterize vascular diseases causing heart attack and stroke. Here we elucidate molecular determinants governing VSMC proliferation by reconstructing gene regulatory networks from single-cell transcriptomics and epigenetic profiling. We detect widespread activation of enhancers at disease-relevant loci in proliferation-predisposed VSMCs.

Effects of Coronary Artery Disease-Associated Variants on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified many genetic loci that are robustly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the underlying biological mechanisms are still unknown for most of these loci, hindering the progress to medical translation. Evidence suggests that the genetic influence on CAD susceptibility may act partly through vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

Programmed Cell Death in Developing Grain.

The normal developmental sequence in a grass grain entails the death of several maternal and filial tissues in a genetically regulated process termed programmed cell death (PCD). The progression and molecular aspects of PCD in developing grains have been reported for domesticated species such as barley, rice, maize and wheat. Here, we report a detailed investigation of PCD in the developing grain of the wild model species .

Regenerative Endodontic Therapy in Mature Teeth Using Human-Derived Composite Amnion-Chorion Membrane as a Bioactive Scaffold: A Pilot Animal Investigation.

Introduction: Human-derived composite amnion-chorion membrane (ACM) has been used for various regenerative treatments. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effectiveness of the ACM as a scaffold for pulp regeneration in mature canine teeth.

Methods: A total of 24 roots from mature premolars in dogs were included for regenerative procedures using blood clots (BC) (group 1, n = 8), collagen membrane (CM) (group 2, n = 8), and ACM (group 3, n = 8).

APETALA2 functions as a temporal factor together with BLADE-ON-PETIOLE2 and MADS29 to control flower and grain development in barley.

Cereal grain develops from fertilised florets. Alterations in floret and grain development greatly influence grain yield and quality. Despite this, little is known about the underlying genetic control of these processes, especially in key temperate cereals such as barley and wheat.

encodes a prolamin-box-binding transcription factor that controls embryo growth in barley and wheat.

Mutations at the locus in barley have multiple effects on grain development, including an increase in embryo size and a decrease in endosperm starch content. The gene underlying was identified by genetic mapping and mutations in this gene were identified in all four barley alleles. encodes a transcription factor called Prolamin Binding Factor (PBF).

A Novel Approach to Fracture Resistance Using Horizontal Posts after Endodontic Therapy: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Studies of endodontic outcomes suggest that fracture of the tooth after endodontic therapy may be a greater problem than endodontic reinfection. Immediate full coverage with or without a post and core is the best way to prevent fracture. Unfortunately, in many population areas, due predominantly to cost, this restoration is often delayed, leading to fracture of the tooth.

Besides and Beyond Flowering: Other roles of Genes in Plant Development.

genes are well-known for their role in flower development, a legacy of the founding member of this subfamily of transcription factors, whose mutants lacked petals in . However, studies of genes in several species have accumulated evidence highlighting the diverse roles of euAP2 genes in other aspects of plant development. Here, we emphasize other developmental roles of genes in various species and suggest a shift from regarding genes as just flowering genes to consider the global role they may be playing in plant development.

Retrospective Evaluation of Treatment Planning for Dental Implant.

This retrospective study investigates the diagnostic rationale for the extraction of teeth and their replacement with implants in a dental school setting. Most of the teeth were extracted for restorative reasons (62.7%).

Guided tissue regeneration in endodontic surgery by using a bioactive resorbable membrane.

Introduction: Guided tissue regeneration is a valuable technique available to the endodontist because the quality, quantity, or extent of bone loss cannot be visualized by the surgeon until the tissue is reflected and the surgical site is exposed.

Methods: After repeated attempts at nonsurgical treatment, a patient with a recurring sinus tract over the distobuccal root of an upper molar ultimately had the distobuccal root resected, leaving a 10 × 10 mm bony defect. This dehiscence was filled with freeze-dried bone and covered with a flexible and absorbable bioactive membrane that was new to endodontics.

Prevalence of middle mesial canals in mandibular molars after guided troughing under high magnification: an in vivo investigation.

Introduction: A limited number of in vivo studies have discussed the prevalence of middle mesial canals in root canal systems of mandibular molars. The reported results have varied between 1% and 25%, with no detailed description of the depth and direction of troughing needed to identify such small canal orifices. The objective of the present study was to determine (1) the prevalence of a middle mesial canal before and after troughing by using a standardized troughing technique, (2) the pathway of the middle mesial canal in relation to the mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canals, and (3) its correlation with the patient's age.

Schadenfreude: an all too common affliction.

The ADA Code of Professional Conduct requires that care be taken that criticism of colleagues' work is justifiable. Several cases are presented where this standard appeared not to have been met, and the consequences were dire for all involved. Sometimes unjustified criticism can be as inadvertent as ambiguous body language; sometimes it is possible to interpret unjustified criticism as being driven by envy or by what the Germans call schadenfreude--satisfaction at others' misfortunes.

Effects of growth factors on dental stem/progenitor cells.

The primary goal of regenerative endodontics is to restore the vitality and functions of the dentin-pulp complex, as opposed to filing of the root canal with bioinert materials. A myriad of growth factors regulates multiple cellular functions including migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of several cell types intimately involved in dentin-pulp regeneration. Recent work showing that growth factor delivery, without cell transplantation, can yield pulp-dentin-like tissues in vivo provides one of the tangible pathways for regenerative endodontics.

Cost-effectiveness of endodontic molar retreatment compared with fixed partial dentures and single-tooth implant alternatives.

Introduction: One of the most challenging situations in dentistry is a failed root canal treatment case. Should a failed root canal-treated tooth be retreated nonsurgically or surgically, or should the tooth be extracted and replaced with an implant-supported restoration or fixed partial denture? These four treatment alternatives were compared from the perspective of cost-effectiveness on the basis of the current best available evidence.

Methods: The costs of the four major treatment modalities were calculated using the national fee averages from the 2009 American Dental Association survey of dental fees.

Treatment planning considerations for the endodontically compromised tooth.

Recent advances in microendodontic procedures have dramatically enhanced our ability to successfully retreat most endodontic failures, either surgically or nonsurgically. Ironically, this comes at a time when we are seeing an increasing tendency to forego heroic endodontic procedures in favor of a single-tooth implant. While an implant has proved to be a reliable replacement for a missing tooth, it should not be considered the true equivalent of a functional natural tooth.