Assessment of blood sampling time points to determine the relative bioavailability of ruminally protected methionine supplements using the plasma free amino acid dose-response technique.

The calculation of the relative bioavailability (RBV) of rumen-protected AA supplements using the plasma free AA dose-response technique currently relies on blood samples obtained 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after the 0500 h feeding during the last 3 d of each period in Latin square experiments with cows fed every 8 h (0500, 1300, and 2100 h). The objective of this study was to determine if this current blood sampling protocol captures the changes that may occur in plasma Met concentrations within a 24-h day to adequately determine the RBV of Met from Smartamine M (SM). Five multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with 7-d periods.

Tensile Force Limits of the Sheep Spine: Comparison to Forces Required to Extricate Grain Entrapped Victims.

Objectives: Grain storage facility entrapments continue to be of concern in the agricultural industry, with nearly 1,500 documented incidents recorded over the last 45 years. Previous research studies have shown that attempting to extricate a full-size pulling test dummy from a grain mass requires a substantial amount of tensile or pull force - e.g.

Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation on the performance of high production dairy cows in the tropics.

Increasing methionine availability in dairy cow diets during the first third of lactation may enhance their performance and health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing rumen-protected methionine (Smartamine® M, SM) in a lactation diet with protein and energy levels calculated according to the literature. Seventy-six multiparous Holstein cows (39.

Multiplex Single-Molecule Kinetics of Nanopore-Coupled Polymerases.

DNA polymerases have revolutionized the biotechnology field due to their ability to precisely replicate stored genetic information. Screening variants of these enzymes for specific properties gives the opportunity to identify polymerases with different features. We have previously developed a single-molecule DNA sequencing platform by coupling a DNA polymerase to an α-hemolysin pore on a nanopore array.

Editorial: ROPS Are Not Homemade.

Safety professionals should speak up when secondary school teachers and FFA advisors consider fabricating and installing low-cost rollover protective structures (ROPS) as service learning projects for ag education students or as a service to the farm community. These projects are often motivated by the desire to address the continued occurrence of tractor rollovers, which are the most frequent cause of farm-related fatalities (NIOSH, 2018). These projects have also been made feasible by the availability of online plans for ROPS fabrication, including plans from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) that are designed for specific makes and models of tractors.

Extraction Force Prediction for Male Entrapment Victims with Different Body Types Submerged below the Grain Surface.

One contributor to agriculture's high death rate is confined space fatalities caused by entrapment in grain. Over 1,000 grain-related fatalities have been documented by researchers in 43 states, and states with the largest grain storage capacities have been shown to experience a proportionally larger number of suffocation fatalities. Several researchers have measured extraction forces in specific conditions, but a reference standard is needed for estimating the extraction forces for grain suffocation victims in common conditions.

Barriers and Motivators for Tractor ROPS Retrofitting in Iowa.

Iowa State University Extension and Outreach conducted an assessment of Iowa farm operators' perceptions of the barriers and motivators when considering retrofitting tractors with rollover protective structures (ROPS). A statewide sample of approximately 2,000 farm operators was surveyed in the 2017 Iowa Farm and Rural Life Poll. A series of questions was asked to evaluate the importance of potential barriers to decisions to not retrofit a tractor and potential motivators that could influence the decision to retrofit or purchase a tractor with ROPS.

American firearm homicides: The impact of your neighbors.

Background: Restrictive firearm legislation has correlated with decreased overall firearm fatality rates, but not with firearm-related homicide or firearm mortality among Black Americans. We hypothesized that firearm trafficking from states with less restrictive firearm legislation to neighboring states with more restrictive firearm legislation increases firearm homicide rates in those restrictive states.

Methods: For years 2011-2015, state firearm legislation Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence scorecards were analyzed in relation to firearms traced by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms and Center for Disease Control and Prevention firearm mortality rates.

Estimating Passive Stress Acting on a Grain Entrapment Victim's Chest.

Grain entrapments remain a major concern in the grain industry, with 1,100 incidents documented since the 1970s. One particular concern is the ability of a victim to breathe while entrapped in grain. Anecdotal reports suggest that victims struggle to breathe when entrapped in grain to a depth that covers their chests, yet some evidence indicates that victims should be able to breathe normally as long as their airways are not blocked regardless of depth.

A 100-Year Review: Protein and amino acid nutrition in dairy cows.

Considerable progress has been made in understanding the protein and amino acid (AA) nutrition of dairy cows. The chemistry of feed crude protein (CP) appears to be well understood, as is the mechanism of ruminal protein degradation by rumen bacteria and protozoa. It has been shown that ammonia released from AA degradation in the rumen is used for bacterial protein formation and that urea can be a useful N supplement when lower protein diets are fed.

Likelihood of Entanglement when Materials are Dropped Vertically onto a Rotating PTO Knuckle.

Power take-off (PTO) is a common method of transferring power from a tractor to a towed piece of machinery. The PTO is also a well-documented cause of severe and often permanent disabling injuries to farm operators. The physical conditions that cause entanglements are not well established.

Agricultural Worker Injury Comparative Risk Assessment Methodology: Assessing Corn and Biofuel Switchgrass Production Systems.

Keeping workers safe is a continuing challenge in agricultural production. Risk assessment methodologies have been used widely in other industries to better understand systems and enhance decision making, yet their use in production agriculture has been limited. This article describes the considerations and the approach taken to measure the difference in worker injury risks between two agricultural production systems.

Apparent Coefficient of Friction of Wheat on Denim.

Calculation of the extraction force for a grain entrapment victim requires a coefficient of friction between the grain and the surface of the victim. Because denim is a common fabric for the work clothes that cover entrapment victims, the coefficient of friction between grain and denim becomes necessary. The purpose of this research was to calculate the apparent coefficient of friction of wheat on denim fabric using a proven procedure.

Contributing Causes of Injury or Death in Grain Entrapment, Engulfment, and Extrication.

Objectives: Grain entrapments and engulfments are one of most common hazards associated with grain storage facilities, with over 1,140 such entrapments/engulfments documented since the 1970s. The objective of the study was to determine the factors that contribute to injury or death in grain entrapment, engulfment, and extrication cases.

Methods: A literature review, including data contained in the Purdue Agricultural Confined Spaces Incident Database (PACSID), was conducted to determine the conditions that the body experiences during an entrapment or engulfment in grains and during extrication efforts.

Safety and health in biomass production, transportation, and storage: a commentary based on the biomass and biofuels session at the 2013 North American Agricultural Safety Summit.

There is significant interest in biomass production ranging from government agencies to the private sector, both inside and outside of the traditional production agricultural setting. This interest has led to an increase in the development and production of biomass crops. Much of this effort has focused on specific segments of the process, and more specifically on the mechanics of these individual segments.

Lower extremity joint moments during carrying tasks in children.

Farm youth often carry loads that are proportionally large and/or heavy, and field measurements have determined that these tasks are equivalent to industrial jobs with high injury risks. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age, load amount, and load symmetry on lower extremity joint moments during carrying tasks. Three age groups (8-10 years, 12-14 years, adults), three load amounts (0%, 10%, 20% BW), and three load symmetry levels (unilateral large bucket, unilateral small bucket, bilateral small buckets) were tested.

Complications following thoracic trauma managed with tube thoracostomy.

Introduction: Tube thoracostomy is a common procedure used to treat traumatic chest injuries. Although the mechanism of injury traditionally does not alter chest tube management, complication rates may vary depending on the severity of injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of and risk factors associated with chest tube complications (CTCs) following thoracic trauma.

Short simulation training improves objective skills in established advanced practitioners managing emergencies on the ward and surgical intensive care unit.

Background: Several studies evaluating simulation training in intensive care unit (ICU) physicians have demonstrated improvement in leadership and management skills. No study to date has evaluated whether such training is useful in established ICU advanced practitioners (APs). We hypothesized that human patient simulator-based training would improve surgical ICU APs' skills at managing medical crises.

Does the trauma system protect against the weekend effect?

Background: Occurrence on weekends or at night has been associated with poor outcomes for time-sensitive conditions including ST elevation myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiac arrest. We sought to determine whether the "weekend effect" exists for injured patients at our trauma center.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at a Level I trauma center (2006-2008).

The effects of age and type of carrying task on lower extremity kinematics.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age, load amount and load symmetry on lower extremity kinematics during carrying tasks. Forty-two participants in four age groups (8-10 years, 12-14 years, 15-17 years and adults) carried loads of 0%, 10% and 20% body weight (BW) in large or small buckets unilaterally and bilaterally. Reflective markers were tracked to determine total joint range of motion and maximum joint angles during the stance phase of walking.

Misplaced inferior vena caval filter in right renal vein with erosion into renal collecting system.

Misplacement of an inferior vena caval (IVC) filter is an infrequent event. We describe a patient who underwent IVC filter placement after lower extremity trauma. Fourteen years later, the presence of microscopic hematuria prompted evaluation.

Upper extremity and lower back moments during carrying tasks in farm children.

Farm youth commonly perform animal care tasks such as feeding and watering. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age, bucket size, loading symmetry, and amount of load on upper body moments during carrying tasks. Fifty-four male and female participants in four age groups (8-10 years, 12-14 years, 15-17 years, and adults, 20-26 years) participated in the study.

[Vacuum pack technique--a good method for temporal abdominal closure].

Unlabelled: Abdominal compartment syndrome(ACS) is a clinical entity characterised by increased intraabdominal pressure leading to multiple organ failure, fatal if left untreated. The treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome is surgical decompression with a temporary abdominal wall substitute. To avoid the development of abdominal compartment syndrome, temporary abdominal closure (TAC) should be considered after celiotomy for trauma.