Ethical Considerations of Off-Label Prescribing in Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.

AbstractDisruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), a relatively new diagnosis in child and adolescent psychiatry that remains without medications approved for its indication, warrants a renewed consideration of the ethics surrounding the off-label use of medications. In the absence of empirical studies, clinicians must work with the best available information regarding treatment, such as case reports demonstrating the success of off-label interventions. Although subject to ethical limitations and the risk-benefit profile of each medication, increased use of this approach in the treatment of DMDD is warranted.

The Psychedelic Future of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can occur following exposure to a traumatic experience. An estimated 12 million U.S.

Early childhood fluoride exposure and preadolescent kidney function.

Background: Early-life renal maturation is susceptible to nephrotoxic environmental chemicals. Given the widespread consumption of fluoride and the global obesity epidemic, our main aim was to determine whether childhood fluoride exposure adversely affects kidney function in preadolescence, and if adiposity status modifies this association.

Methods: Our study included 438 children from the PROGRESS cohort.

Low vitamin D is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in women with HIV.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially among people living with HIV (PLWH). Recently, there has been an increased interest in the role of vitamin D in cardiovascular disease (CVD). While vitamin D deficiency has been associated with CVD in observational studies in the general population, there are limited data in PLWH.

Anti-Inflammatory Interleukin 10 Inversely Relates to Coronary Atherosclerosis in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that may be protective against coronary atherosclerosis. In an observational study of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) and uninfected controls, IL-10 was measured in serum samples by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using computed tomographic angiography. Among PWH, a 10-fold decrease in IL-10 was associated with a 2.

Gastrointestinal Barrier Breakdown and Adipose Tissue Inflammation.

Purpose Of Review: Obesity is a state of chronic inflammation. This review aims to summarize recent data supporting the role of the intestinal mucosal barrier and the microbiome in causing adipose tissue inflammation as well as metabolic factors that can affect the intestinal barrier.

Recent Findings: Obesity and its metabolic consequences, such as diabetes mellitus, are associated with disruption of the intestinal barrier function.

I-FABP Is Higher in People With Chronic HIV Than Elite Controllers, Related to Sugar and Fatty Acid Intake and Inversely Related to Body Fat in People With HIV.

Background: Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) has been shown to be a marker of intestinal damage among people living with HIV. We hypothesized that I-FABP would be increased in chronically HIV-infected patents more than elite controllers and would relate to specific nutrient intake and body composition.

Methods: In an observational study, serum I-FABP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Mild renal impairment is associated with calcified plaque parameters assessed by computed tomography angiography in people living with HIV.

Objective: To investigate the association of mild renal impairment and coronary plaque in people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Methods: PLHIV and non-HIV controls with serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dl were investigated.

A system for automated noise parameter measurements on MR preamplifiers and application to high B(0) fields.

A noise figure and noise parameter measurement system was developed that consists of a combination spectrum and network analyzer, preamplifier, programmable power supply, noise source, tuning board, and desktop computer. The system uses the Y-factor method for noise figure calculation and allows calibrations to correct for a decrease in excess noise ratio between the noise source and device under test, second stage (system) noise, ambient temperature variations, and available gain of the device under test. Noise parameters are extracted by performing noise figure measurements at several source impedance values obtained by adjusting an electronically controlled tuner.

SmartPhantom--an fMRI simulator.

Many informatics tools have emerged to process the voluminous and complex data generated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The interpretation of fMRI exams is largely determined by these tools. However, their performance is hard to evaluate because there is no independent means of calibration.

Application of partial differential equation-based inpainting on sensitivity maps.

Inpainting is an image interpolation method. Partial differential equation (PDE)-based digital inpainting techniques are finding broad applications. In this paper, PDE-based inpainting techniques are applied to the field of MR parallel imaging.

Observations of Surface Changes in Platinum Crucibles.

Iron which has been in solid solution in a platinum crucible will cause iron determinations in analyses to become high. Likewise the iron, oxidizing to ferric oxide during ignition, segregates along the boundaries between platinum crystals. It causes embrittlement and eventual crumbling of the crucible.