Although evidence-based treatments for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) exist, pretreatment characteristics associated with differential improvement trajectories have not been identified. To identify clinical factors relevant to optimizing PGD treatment outcomes, we used unsupervised and supervised machine learning to study treatment effects from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Participants were randomized into four treatment groups for 20 weeks: citalopram with grief-informed clinical management, citalopram with prolonged grief disorder therapy (PGDT), pill placebo with PGDT, or pill placebo with clinical management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Rev Clin Psychol
December 2024
As the numbers of older adults continue to increase globally, the need for facilitating healthy aging has become critical. While a physically healthy lifestyle, including exercise and diet, is important, recent research has highlighted a major impact of psychosocial determinants of health, such as resilience, wisdom, positive social connections, and mental well-being, on whole health. This article focuses on keeping the mind and brain healthy with psychosocially active aging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCochrane Database Syst Rev
November 2024
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of psychotherapeutic interventions in the treatment of older adults with depression and whether the effects of different types of psychotherapeutic treatments vary for older adults with depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale: Individuals acting as surrogate decision-makers for critically ill patients frequently struggle in this role and experience high levels of long-term psychological distress. Prior interventions designed solely to improve information sharing between clinicians and family members have been ineffective.
Objectives: To examine the impact of a multicomponent family support intervention on patient and family outcomes Methods: Patient-level randomized clinical trial at 6 intensive care units (ICUs) in a healthcare system in Pennsylvania.
Late-life depression (LLD) is often accompanied by medical comorbidities such as psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases, posing challenges to antidepressant treatment. Recent studies highlighted significant associations between treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and polygenic risk score (PRS) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults as well as a negative association between antidepressant symptom improvement with both schizophrenia and bipolar. Here, we sought to validate these findings with symptom remission in LLD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Adults with treatment-resistant late-life depression (TRLLD) have high rates of sleep problems; however, little is known about the occurrence and change in sleep during pharmacotherapy of TRLLD. This analysis examined: (1) the occurrence of insufficient sleep among adults with TRLLD; (2) how sleep changed during pharmacotherapy; and (3) whether treatment outcomes differed among participants with persistent insufficient sleep, worsened sleep, improved sleep, or persistent sufficient sleep.
Methods: Secondary analysis of data from 634 participants age 60+ years in the OPTIMUM clinical trial for TRLLD.
J Affect Disord
September 2024
Background: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) are commonly used scales to measure depression severity in older adults.
Methods: We utilized data from the Optimizing Outcomes of Treatment-Resistant Depression in Older Adults (OPTIMUM) clinical trial to produce conversion tables relating PHQ-9 and MADRS total scores. We split the sample into training (N = 555) and validation samples (N = 187).
Introduction: Alcohol and substance use are increasing in older adults, many of whom have depression, and treatment in this context may be more hazardous. We assessed alcohol and other substance use patterns in older adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We examined patient characteristics associated with higher alcohol consumption and examined the moderating effect of alcohol on the association between clinical variables and falls during antidepressant treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Late-life treatment-resistant depression (LL-TRD) is common and increases risk for accelerated ageing and cognitive decline. Impaired sleep is common in LL-TRD and is a risk factor for cognitive decline. Slow wave sleep (SWS) has been implicated in key processes including synaptic plasticity and memory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To date, no intervention has definitively improved outcomes for families of critical illness survivors. An integrated perspective on caregivers' needs after critical illness could help identify high-priority intervention targets and improve outcomes.
Objectives: To obtain diverse perspectives on the needs, barriers and facilitators, and social determinants of health associated with family caregiving across the critical illness continuum and assess the extent to which successful caregiving interventions in other populations may be adapted to the critical illness context.
Objectives: Few studies have examined the impact of late-life depression trajectories on specific domains of cognitive function. This study aims to delineate how different depressive symptom trajectories specifically affect cognitive function in older adults.
Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study.
In this study, we aimed to improve upon a published population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for venlafaxine (VEN) in the treatment of depression in older adults, then investigate whether CYP2D6 metabolizer status affected model-estimated PK parameters of VEN and its active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine. The model included 325 participants from a clinical trial in which older adults with depression were treated with open-label VEN (maximum 300 mg/day) for 12 weeks and plasma levels of VEN and O-desmethylvenlafaxine were assessed at weeks 4 and 12. We fitted a nonlinear mixed-effect PK model using NONMEM to estimate PK parameters for VEN and O-desmethylvenlafaxine adjusted for CYP2D6 metabolizer status and age.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Geriatr Psychiatry
April 2024
Objective: Perform a secondary analysis examining the efficacy of the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TranS-C) for depression symptom responses, and explore changes in potential target mechanisms.
Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial with convenience age subsamples (younger (20-49 year; n = 52) versus and older (50-71 years; n = 35)).
Setting: Community mental health clinics.
Purpose: Developmental changes in sleep in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are understudied. In non-ASD youth, adolescents exhibit a "night owl chronotype" (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To identify 1) complicated grief symptom clusters among acutely-bereaved older adults who have lost a spouse to COVID-19 and 2) if spousal death due to COVID-19 increased risk of developing probable PGD METHODS: Eighty adults participating in a randomized controlled trial for depression prevention (mean age [± SD] = 70.4 [6.6]) completed the Inventory of Complicated Grief, every 3 months over a maximum of 15 months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAfter first recalling the origins of my interest in sleep and dreams at UVa (1969) and my MD thesis at Yale on sleep in mood disorders (1973), I will describe my service to the field of sleep disorders medicine, through various roles in the American Sleep Disorders Association, the Institute of Medicine, the National Institute of Mental Health, and the DSM-5 Task Force of the American Psychiatric Association. I will then present the broad themes of my contributions to psychiatric sleep research, focusing on the neurobiology of sleep as a dimension of the risk and protective architecture for depression in older adults, as a bridge to diagnostic and treatment issues in later-life depression, and to clinical and translational neuroscience addressing the intersections of sleep, aging, and mind/brain health. Throughout this narrative, I highlight many relationships with mentors and mentees.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis position statement of the Expert Panel on Brain Health of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry (AAGP) emphasizes the critical role of life course brain health in shaping mental well-being during the later stages of life. Evidence posits that maintaining optimal brain health earlier in life is crucial for preventing and managing brain aging-related disorders such as dementia/cognitive decline, depression, stroke, and anxiety. We advocate for a holistic approach that integrates medical, psychological, and social frameworks with culturally tailored interventions across the lifespan to promote brain health and overall mental well-being in aging adults across all communities.
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