Childhood Educational Outcomes of Infants Born With Esophageal Atresia With or Without Tracheoesophageal Atresia.

Background: There are limited studies on educational outcomes of children born with esophageal atresia (EA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). We aimed to compare 3rd to 5th grade academic proficiency among children born with EA/TEF versus unaffected children.

Methods: Children born with EA/TEF (2000-2005) were identified from the Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System.

Acute physiological responses of blood flow restriction between high-intensity interval repetitions in trained cyclists.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) is increasingly being used to enhance aerobic performance in endurance athletes. This study examined physiological responses to BFR applied in recovery phases within a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session in trained cyclists. Eleven competitive road cyclists (mean ± SD, age: 28 ± 7 years, body mass: 69 ± 6 kg, peak oxygen uptake: 65 ± 9 mL · kg · min) completed two randomised crossover conditions: HIIT with (BFR) and without (CON) BFR applied during recovery phases.

Dynamic computed tomography for evaluation of tracheobronchomalacia in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Introduction: Dynamic computed tomography (dCT) gives real-time physiological information and objective descriptions of airway narrowing in tracheobronchomalacia (TBM). There is a paucity of literature in the evaluation of TBM by dCT in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of this study is to describe the findings of dCT and resultant changes in management in premature infants with TBM.

Necrotizing enterocolitis following treatment of congenital syphilis with penicillin in a term newborn.

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a disease process of intestinal disruption which has been associated with gastrointestinal microbial alterations after antibiotic exposure. Treatment guidelines and antibiotic exposure for congenital syphilis have historically been based on limited evidence. This case presents a term infant who developed necrotizing enterocolitis after treatment for congenital syphilis.

Statistical and topological summaries aid disease detection for segmented retinal vascular images.

Objective: Disease complications can alter vascular network morphology and disrupt tissue functioning. Microvascular diseases of the retina are assessed by visual inspection of retinal images, but this can be challenging when diseases exhibit silent symptoms or patients cannot attend in-person meetings. We examine the performance of machine learning algorithms in detecting microvascular disease when trained on statistical and topological summaries of segmented retinal vascular images.

Critical Power, Work Capacity, and Recovery Characteristics of Team-Pursuit Cyclists.

Purpose: Leading a 4-km team pursuit (TP) requires high-intensity efforts above critical power (CP) that deplete riders' finite work capacity (W'), whereas riders following in the aerodynamic draft may experience some recovery due to reduced power demands. This study aimed to determine how rider ability and CP and W' measures impact TP performance and the extent to which W' can reconstitute during recovery positions in a TP race.

Methods: Three TP teams, each consisting of 4 males, completed individual performance tests to determine their CP and W'.

Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1: The Presentation and Management of a Neonate With a Novel Mutation of the SCNN1B Gene Found in Two Hispanic Siblings.

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) may manifest in the neonatal period as a life-threatening salt-wasting syndrome providing challenges in recognition and treatment. This case describes a newborn who developed severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances and subsequently was found to have a novel SCNN1B gene variant resulting in autosomal recessive systemic PHA1.

High-Throughput Reconstruction of Ancestral Protein Sequence, Structure, and Molecular Function.

Ancestral protein sequence reconstruction is a powerful technique for explicitly testing hypotheses about the evolution of molecular function, allowing researchers to meticulously dissect how historical changes in protein sequence impacted functional repertoire by altering the protein's 3D structure. These techniques have provided concrete, experimentally validated insights into ancient evolutionary processes and help illuminate the complex relationship between protein sequence, structure, and function. Inferring the protein family phylogenies on which ancestral sequence reconstruction depends and reconstructing the sequences, themselves, are amenable to high-throughput computational analysis.

Resurrecting ancestral structural dynamics of an antiviral immune receptor: adaptive binding pocket reorganization repeatedly shifts RNA preference.

Background: Although resurrecting ancestral proteins is a powerful tool for understanding the molecular-functional evolution of gene families, nearly all studies have examined proteins functioning in relatively stable biological processes. The extent to which more dynamic systems obey the same 'rules' governing stable processes is unclear. Here we present the first detailed investigation of the functional evolution of the RIG-like receptors (RLRs), a family of innate immune receptors that detect viral RNA in the cytoplasm.

MS2 bacteriophage reduction and microbial communities in biosand filters.

This study evaluated the role of physical and biological filter characteristics on the reduction of MS2 bacteriophage in biosand filters (BSFs). Three full-scale concrete Version 10 BSFs, each with a 55 cm sand media depth and a 12 L charge volume, reached 4 log10 reduction of MS2 within 43 days of operation. A consistently high reduction of MS2 between 4 log10 and 7 log10 was demonstrated for up to 294 days.

Sunlight-induced inactivation of human Wa and porcine OSU rotaviruses in the presence of exogenous photosensitizers.

Human rotavirus Wa and porcine rotavirus OSU solutions were irradiated with simulated solar UV and visible light in the presence of different photosensitizers dissolved in buffered solutions. For human rotavirus, the exogenous effects were greater than the endogenous effects under irradiation with full spectrum and UVA and visible light at 25 °C. For porcine rotavirus, the exogenous effects with UVA and visible light irradiation were only observed at high temperatures, >40 °C.

Performance and microbial community dynamics of a sulfate-reducing bioreactor treating coal generated acid mine drainage.

The effectiveness of a passive flow sulfate-reducing bioreactor processing acid mine drainage (AMD) generated from an abandoned coal mine in Southern Illinois was evaluated using geochemical and microbial community analysis 10 months post bioreactor construction. The results indicated that the treatment system was successful in both raising the pH of the AMD from 3.09 to 6.

On focal stability in dimension two.

In Kupka et al. 2006 appears the Focal Stability Conjecture: the focal decomposition of the generic Riemann structure on a manifold M is stable under perturbations of the Riemann structure. In this paper, we prove the conjecture when M has dimension two, and there are no conjugate points.