Correlation of lactulose-to-mannitol ratios in plasma and urine for intestinal permeability assessment in pigs.

Objective: The lactulose-to-mannitol ratio test is a test to assess the disorders associated with gut permeability. The test requires an oral administration of the mixture of lactulose and mannitol and urine collection. The urinary ratio of lactulose to mannitol is an indicator of intestinal permeability.

Stability of Ketoprofen Methylester in Plasma of Different Species.

Background: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment of ester-containing drugs can be impacted by hydrolysis of the drugs in plasma samples post blood collection. The impact is different in the plasma of different species.

Objective: This study evaluated the stability of a prodrug, ketoprofen methylester (KME), in commercially purchased and freshly collected plasma of mouse, rat, dog, cat, pig, sheep, cattle and horse.

Pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of amitraz and its metabolites in rats.

Amitraz is an acaricide and insecticide widely used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Although central nervous system (CNS) toxicity is one of major toxicities following oral ingestion of amitraz, the understanding of the cause of the toxicity is limited. This study evaluated the systemic and brain exposure of amitraz and its major metabolites, BTS27271, 2',4'-formoxylidide, and 2,4-dimethylaniline following administration of amitraz in male Sprague-Dawley rats.