Zoonotic tuberculosis. A comprehensive ONE HEALTH approach.

The objective of this report is to provide information on Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infections in animals and in humans. Included is information on the susceptibility of different species as well as information on etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and control of this disease. The term One Health has been adopted to describe the unified human medical and veterinary interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary collaborative approach to zoonoses and will be critical for future endeavors in the control of the global TB epidemic.

Short communication: Survival of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in tissues of cows following low-dose exposure to electron beam irradiation.

This investigation was designed to determine the effects of low-dose electron beam irradiation on the survival of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in tissue samples collected at necropsy from clinically affected cows. Mycobacterium avium ssp.

Composition and Potency Characterization of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Purified Protein Derivatives.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) purified protein derivatives (PPDs) are immunologic reagents prepared from cultured filtrates of the type strain. Traditional production consists of floating culture incubation at 37°C, organism inactivation by autoclaving, coarse filtration, and protein precipitation.

Preventing and controlling zoonotic tuberculosis: a One Health approach.

The expression One Health refers to the unified human and veterinary approach to zoonoses, an approach that used to be identified with Medicine throughout the 20th Century. Zoonotic tuberculosis (TB), a disease due to bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is a recognized global public veterinary health problem. The significance of the health and economic threats posed by zoonotic TB has been recognized by several global health agencies, which have called for control and eradication programs for zoonotic TB.

Evaluation of the cell-mediated immune response to reduced doses of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis vaccine in cattle.

Vaccination against Johne's disease with an inactivated, oil-adjuvanted Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) bacterin can reduce clinical signs in infected herds; however, the development of indurated swelling at the injection site limits vaccine acceptability to producers. This study determined whether a reduced dose of vaccine antigen, with a full dose of adjuvant, would produce comparable T cell-mediated immune responses with smaller lesions.

Tuberculosis: a re-emerging disease in animals and humans.

Tuberculosis continues to be an important disease both in humans and animals. It causes morbidity, mortality and economic loss worldwide. The occurrence of Mycobacterium bovis disease in humans, domesticated and wild animals confirms the relevance of this zoonosis.

Monitoring responses by use of five-color flow cytometry in subsets of peripheral T cells obtained from cattle inoculated with a killed Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis vaccine.

Objective: To monitor by use of 5-color flow cytometry the antigen-specific responses of subsets of peripheral T cells in cattle inoculated with a killed Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) vaccine and to compare results with those for 2 established cell-mediated immunity assays.

Animals: 45 female Holstein cattle with negative results for MAP in skin tests conducted at time of inoculation with MAP.

Procedures: Cattle were allocated to 4 groups.

Sensitivity and specificity of the agar-gel-immunodiffusion test, ELISA and the skin test for detection of paratuberculosis in United States Midwest sheep populations.

Our objective was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the agar-gel-immunodiffusion test (AGID), the ELISA, and the skin test for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in sheep using Bayesian methods without a gold standard. Fourteen flocks (2 465 sheep) were used. Five flocks (450 sheep) were considered MAP non-infected and 9 flocks (2 015 sheep) had sheep infected with MAP.

Epidemiologic investigation of Mycobacterium bovis in a population of cats.

Objective: To determine whether cats exposed at a residence were infected with Mycobacterium bovis, whether the tuberculin skin test can identify cats infected with M bovis, and whether an ELISA could identify tuberculosis-infected cats.

Animals: 20 domestic cats exposed to a cat with laboratory-confirmed disseminated M bovis infection.

Procedure: Cats were administered a tuberculin skin test and monitored for 72 hours.

Identification of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis gene expression signals.

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis promoter-containing clones were isolated from a genomic DNA library constructed in the transcriptional-translational fusion vector pYUB76. The promoter-containing DNA fragments were identified in the surrogate host Mycobacterium smegmatis by expression of the promoterless lacZ reporter gene of pYUB76. The expression signals exhibited a wide range of strengths, as indicated by their corresponding beta-galactosidase activities.

Chemical Destruction of Mycobacterium bovis in Milk.

The tuberculocidal activity of phenol and 1-Stroke Environ was tested using five Mycobacterium bovis strains added separately to five samples of untreated cows milk. The tuberculocidal activity of each disinfectant was significantly improved (P = .005) by increasing exposure temperature from 4 to 23 C or by increasing exposure time from 1 to 6 h or by increasing disinfectant concentrations two-fold.