Management of advanced gallbladder adenocarcinoma: A case report and review of treatment strategies.

Introduction And Importance: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy, accounting for most biliary tract cancers. It typically presents at an advanced stage, leading to a poor prognosis, with a mean survival of six months and a five-year survival rate of 17.6 %.

Horseshoe kidney presenting with features of left ureteropelvic junction obstruction-insights into management: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion anomaly, occurring in approximately 1 in 500 individuals worldwide. It is characterized by abnormalities in kidney position, rotation, and vascular supply. While often asymptomatic, horseshoe kidneys can lead to urological complications, primarily due to ureteric obstruction and impaired urinary drainage.

Retrocaval ureter: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: The retrocaval ureter is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from abnormal development of the inferior vena cava. The obstruction is usually at the retrocaval segment of the ureter, as it lies between the inferior vena cava and the body of the third lumbar vertebra. Computed tomography intravenous urography is the gold standard for investigating this condition and can reveal ipsilateral hydronephrosis and the fishhook sign or sickle sign of the proximal ureter, depending on the type of retrocaval ureter.

Extent and pattern of symptom relief following surgical castration in patients with advanced prostate cancer treated at a tertiary referral hospital in Tanzania: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Advanced prostate cancer leads to many symptoms, notably bone pain and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTs); however, the degree and duration of pain relief, changes in LUTs severity and underlying factors associated with the extent of symptom relief remain inadequately understood. Surgical castration has proven effective in relieving both bone pain and urinary symptoms for metastatic prostate cancer patients.

Objective: To determine the extent and pattern of symptom relief in advanced prostate cancer patients following surgical castration at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH).

Surgical management of huge paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in a 20-year-old male: Case report and literature review.

Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of testicular rhabdomyosarcomas including surgery and chemotherapy significantly reduce local recurrence and improve survival rates in young adults with metastases. Adjuvant chemotherapy is highly recommended to enhances prognosis and survival outcomes.

Surgical management of high-grade vesicoureteral reflux in an 18-month-old female with a solitary kidney: A case report from a resource-limited setting.

Key Clinical Message: Conservative nonsurgical therapy ensures that the resolution is nearly 80% for vesicoureteral reflux grades I and II and 30%-50% for vesicoureteral reflux grades III and V within 4-5 years of follow-up. Open surgical reimplantation of ureters of grades IV and V is a highly successful procedure, with reported correction rates ranging from 95% to 99% regardless of the severity of vesicoureteral reflux.

Abstract: Patients with vesicoureteral reflux present with a wide range of severity.

Favorable outcome of open partial cystectomy for muscle-invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: A case report and literature review.

Key Clinical Message: The "gold standard" treatment for Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is radical cystectomy and different management approaches that combine chemotherapy and radiation in a neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting have been attempted with varying degrees of effectiveness. For certain individuals, partial cystectomy offers sufficient local control for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Lifelong follow-up with cystoscopy is advised due to the possibility of potentially fatal late recurrence.

Wandering Spleen in a 47-year-old female treated by non-operative conservative management. Case report and literature review.

Introduction: Wandering spleen (WS) is a rare clinical condition found in less than 0.5 % of splenectomies and is characterized by ectopic location of the spleen within the abdomen or pelvis. It is always caused by excessive mobility brought on by the ligamentous laxity of its peritoneal attachments.

Successful surgical excision of the accessory urethra in a 13-year-old boy with Effmann Type IIA-2 urethral duplication. Case report and literature review.

Introduction And Clinical Importance: Urethral duplication is a congenital anomaly characterized by the partial or full development of an auxiliary urethra as a second urethral channel varying in extent and location. The course of treatment for urethral duplication should be individualized for each patient based on the type of anomaly and the existence of symptoms. In most cases, if the ventral orthotopic urethra is normal, excision of the dorsal auxiliary urethra is almost always curative.

Surgical excision of acquired urethral diverticulum and single-stage urethroplasty for a 32-year-old male. Case report and literature review.

Introduction: Urethral diverticulum (UD) is a saccular dilatation of the urethral wall, continuous with the true urethral lumen. It is categorized etiologically into congenital and acquired. The etiology of an acquired urethral diverticulum is thought to be secondary to trauma.

Isolated testicular tuberculosis mimicking testicular malignancy in a 45-year-old male treated at a tertiary hospital. Case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Tuberculosis is prevalent in African countries especially in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV/AIDS is common. While Testicular tuberculosis is uncommon in the young as well as the elderly, pulmonary tuberculosis is commonly observed in these populations. History, physical examination, scrotal ultrasonography, and fine needle biopsy are important in diagnosis of suspected cases of testicular tuberculosis.

Advanced prostate cancer with brain metastasis presenting with isolated severe headache without urinary symptoms.: Case report and literature review.

Introduction And Clinical Importance: Brain metastases from prostate cancer are uncommon, occurring in fewer than 1 % of cases of metastatic prostate cancer. Brain metastasis can cause cerebral edema, neurologic symptoms, and may be misdiagnosed as primary brain tumors on imaging if thorough investigations are not done. It is difficult to identify and diagnose brain metastasis from prostate cancer since the intracranial metastatic process and presentation are poorly understood and limited to case studies.

A rare case report of ectopic-adrenal paraganglioma with inferior vena cava infiltration. Case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Phaeochromocytomas are neuroendocrine neoplasms arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and are known as intra-adrenal paragangliomas. On the contrary, paragangliomas are non-epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms that produce other peptide hormones such as norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. In a setting with limited resources, such a condition may result in inaccurate diagnosis and treatment, which may lose a patient life if left untreated.

"A successful reconstruction of remnants of corporal bodies and penile urethra after Total Glans Penis amputation following surgical circumcision in a 5-year-old boy". A case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Circumcision is the most common surgical procedure done in boys. Its complication varies from minor to severe. In most of African countries circumcision is often performed by traditional circumcisers.

Successful open surgery repair of isolated right diaphragmatic rupture in 1-year-old patient at Muhimbili National Hospital: a case report and literature review.

Diaphragmatic ruptures rarely occur in isolation, a pathology in paediatric that is difficult to diagnose and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. We present a rare case of isolated right diaphragmatic rupture with liver herniation that was successfully repaired, along with a literature review. A 1-year-old female child was admitted at Emergency Department after being involved in a motor traffic crash as a passenger.