Role of the afferent lymph as an immunological conduit to analyze tissue antigenic and inflammatory load.

The lymphatic fluid is the conduit by which part of the tissue "omics" is transported to the draining lymph node for immunosurveillance. Following cannulation of the pre-nodal cervical and mesenteric afferent lymphatics, herein we investigate the lymph proteomic composition, uncovering that its composition varies according to the tissue of origin. Tissue specificity is also reflected in the dendritic cell-major histocompatibility complex class II-eluted immunopeptidome harvested from the cervical and mesenteric nodes.

Computable phenotype for diagnostic error: developing the data schema for application of symptom-disease pair analysis of diagnostic error (SPADE).

Objectives: Diagnostic errors are the leading cause of preventable harm in clinical practice. Implementable tools to quantify and target this problem are needed. To address this gap, we aimed to generalize the Symptom-Disease Pair Analysis of Diagnostic Error (SPADE) framework by developing its computable phenotype and then demonstrated how that schema could be applied in multiple clinical contexts.

Transmembrane domain-driven PD-1 dimers mediate T cell inhibition.

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a potent immune checkpoint receptor on T lymphocytes. Upon engagement by its ligands, PD-L1 or PD-L2, PD-1 inhibits T cell activation and can promote immune tolerance. Antagonism of PD-1 signaling has proven effective in cancer immunotherapy, and conversely, agonists of the receptor may have a role in treating autoimmune disease.

A comparative life cycle assessment of recycling waste concrete powder into CO-Capture products.

Waste concrete powder (WCP), a byproduct of construction and demolition (C&D), currently has a low degree of recycling despite its potential for environmentally friendly applications. WCP can serve as a valuable substitute for cement, offering advantages for resource conservation and carbon sequestration. However, there are very few studies that quantitatively assess the environmental impact of incorporating WCP into the circular economy as a secondary material instead of disposing of it.

Life cycle analysis of common landfill final cover systems focusing on carbon neutrality.

Carbon emissions from landfill construction and management have become a global concern. Life cycle analysis (LCA) has been widely used to assess the environmental impacts of engineered infrastructures over their lifetimes. LCA has also been applied to landfill leachate and gas management, but rarely to landfill final cover systems.

Lactate activates the mitochondrial electron transport chain independently of its metabolism.

Lactate has long been considered a cellular waste product. However, we found that as extracellular lactate accumulates, it also enters the mitochondrial matrix and stimulates mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity. The resulting increase in mitochondrial ATP synthesis suppresses glycolysis and increases the utilization of pyruvate and/or alternative respiratory substrates.

Niche-specific macrophage loss promotes skin capillary aging.

All mammalian organs depend upon resident macrophage populations to coordinate repair processes and facilitate tissue-specific functions. Recent work has established that functionally distinct macrophage populations reside in discrete tissue niches and are replenished through some combination of local proliferation and monocyte recruitment. Moreover, decline in macrophage abundance and function in tissues has been shown to contribute to many age-associated pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegeneration.

Lactate activates the mitochondrial electron transport chain independent of its metabolism.

Lactate has long been considered a cellular waste product. However, we found that as extracellular lactate accumulates, it also enters the mitochondrial matrix and stimulates mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity. The resulting increase in mitochondrial ATP synthesis suppresses glycolysis and increases the utilization of pyruvate and/or alternative respiratory substrates.

Dynamics of carbon dioxide emission during cracking in peanut shell biochar-amended soil.

As a primary source of greenhouse gas emissions and a carbon sink, soil plays a key role in climate regulation. The development of cracks in soil strongly influences CO emissions, and soil amendment with biochar has been shown to reduce cracking. However, the impact of biochar on CO emissions during soil cracking is not well understood.

Coupled effects of elevated CO and biochar on microbial communities of vegetated soil.

Soil microbial communities are important for plant growth and establishing healthy ecosystems. Although biochar is widely adopted as a sustainable fertilizer, its influence on soil ecological functions is still unclear, especially under climate change such as elevated carbon dioxide concentration (eCO). This study explores the coupled effects between eCO and biochar on microbial communities in soil planted with tree seedlings of Schefflera heptaphylla.

Hypoxia Potentiates the Inflammatory Fibroblast Phenotype Promoted by Pancreatic Cancer Cell-Derived Cytokines.

Unlabelled: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a major cell type in the stroma of solid tumors and can exert both tumor-promoting and tumor-restraining functions. CAF heterogeneity is frequently observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a tumor characterized by a dense and hypoxic stroma that features myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAF) and inflammatory CAFs (iCAF) that are thought to have opposing roles in tumor progression. While CAF heterogeneity can be driven in part by tumor cell-produced cytokines, other determinants shaping CAF identity and function are largely unknown.

Intercropping of Pinellia ternata (herbal plant) with Sedum alfredii (Cd-hyperaccumulator) to reduce soil cadmium (Cd) absorption and improve yield.

Soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) is of global concern, threatening not only crop production, but also supply of herbal medicine. Research studies usually grow crops with Sedum alfredii (a Cd-hyperaccumulator). However, intercropping herbal plants with S.

Effects of and as the soil amendment.

The application of soil beneficial bacteria (SBB) in agriculture is steadily increasing as it provides a promising way to replace chemical fertilisers and other supplements. Although the role of SBB as a biofertiliser is well understood, little is known about the response of soil physiochemical properties via the change in soil enzymatic activities with SBB growth. In this study, sterilised bulk soil was inoculated with (BS) and (PF), which exhibit excellent characteristics for potentially improving soil quality.

Agr2-associated ER stress promotes adherent-invasive E. coli dysbiosis and triggers CD103 dendritic cell IL-23-dependent ileocolitis.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with Crohn's disease (CD), but its impact on host-microbe interaction in disease pathogenesis is not well defined. Functional deficiency in the protein disulfide isomerase anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) has been linked with CD and leads to epithelial cell ER stress and ileocolitis in mice and humans. Here, we show that ileal expression of AGR2 correlates with mucosal Enterobactericeae abundance in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and that Agr2 deletion leads to ER-stress-dependent expansion of mucosal-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), which drives Th17 cell ileocolitis in mice.

Microbiota manipulation to increase macrophage IL-10 improves colitis and limits colitis-associated colorectal cancer.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic life-long inflammatory disease affecting almost 2 million Americans. Although new biologic therapies have been developed, the standard medical treatment fails to selectively control the dysregulated immune pathways involved in chronic colonic inflammation. Further, IBD patients with uncontrolled colonic inflammation are at a higher risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC).

Effects of biochar on shear strength of completely decomposed granite.

Biochar has a great potential to sustainably improve the performance of bio-engineered slope due to its ability to retain water and to supply nutrients. Existing studies mainly focus on hydrological properties of biochar-amended soil. However, the effects of biochar on shear strength of soil are not well studied.

Effects of phosphorus-modified biochar as a soil amendment on the growth and quality of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.

Phosphorus (P) deficiency in agricultural soil is a worldwide concern. P modification of biochar, a common soil conditioner produced by pyrolysis of wastes and residues, can increase P availability and improve soil quality. This study aims to investigate the effects of P-modified biochar as a soil amendment on the growth and quality of a medicinal plant (Pseudostellaria heterophylla).

Clinicians for CARE: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Support Caregivers of Patients With Heart Disease.

Background Caregivers provide critical support for patients with chronic diseases, including heart disease, but often experience caregiver stress that negatively impacts their health, quality of life, and patient outcomes. We aimed to inform health care teams on an evidence-based approach to supporting the caregivers of patients with heart disease. Methods and Results We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials written in English that evaluated interventions to support caregivers of patients with heart disease.

SATB2 preserves colon stem cell identity and mediates ileum-colon conversion via enhancer remodeling.

Adult stem cells maintain regenerative tissue structure and function by producing tissue-specific progeny, but the factors that preserve their tissue identities are not well understood. The small and large intestines differ markedly in cell composition and function, reflecting their distinct stem cell populations. Here we show that SATB2, a colon-restricted chromatin factor, singularly preserves LGR5 adult colonic stem cell and epithelial identity in mice and humans.

Redundant cytokine requirement for intestinal microbiota-induced Th17 cell differentiation in draining lymph nodes.

Differentiation of intestinal T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which contribute to mucosal barrier protection from invasive pathogens, is dependent on colonization with distinct commensal bacteria. Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are sufficient to support Th17 cell differentiation in mouse, but the molecular and cellular requirements for this process remain incompletely characterized. Here, we show that intestine-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), not intestine proper, are the dominant site of SFB-induced intestinal Th17 cell differentiation.

Regional citrate anti-coagulation dose titration: impact on dose of continuous renal replacement therapy.

Background: Regional citrate anti-coagulation (RCA) is the recommended anti-coagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Citrated replacement fluids provide convenience but may compromise effluent delivery when adjusted to maintain circuit ionised calcium levels (circuit-iCa). This study aims to evaluate the effect of RCA titration on the delivered CRRT effluent dose.

Quality and yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla treated with GGBS as pH adjuster against the toxicity of Cd and Cu.

The contamination of Cd and Cu in soil is a great threat to medicinal plant. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a potential soil pH adjuster to reduce metal toxicity. However, how GGBS affects the quality and yield of herbal plants under the stress of Cd and Cu is not clear.