Scalable solution for agricultural soil organic carbon measurements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

Effective verification of soil organic carbon (SOC) improvement interventions through soil carbon sequestration (SCS) requires robust methodologies to measure, report, and verify changes in soil carbon (C) levels. Furthermore, soil C must be monitored over time to ensure that sequestered C is not being re-emitted, thus ensuring the permanence of C removals. The traditional methods for soil C measurement are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and energy-intensive, increasing analysis costs.