PV[O]H: Noninvasive Enabling Technology, New Physiological Monitoring, and Big Data.

Introduction: Measures of normal and abnormal physiology are interrelated and vary continuously. Our ability to detect and predict changes in physiology in real time has been limited in part by the requirement for blood sampling and the lack of a continuous data stream of various "signals", i.e.

Noninvasive Blood and Tissue Analysis: Raman Spectroscopy, One Perspective for Monitoring of Glucose and Beyond.

Noninvasive in vivo blood and tissue analysis remains a challenge to medical technology epitomized by the ongoing quest to replace fingerstick self-monitoring of blood glucose. Recent developments warrant comment on near-term prospects for using Raman spectroscopy to meet that challenge. These developments combined with 20 years of experimentation with noninvasive blood and tissue analysis suggest that it may be possible and practical to perform noninvasive in vivo glucose analysis with improvements in (1) the enabling technologies for making Raman measurements and (2) an underlying anatomical-physiological model of how in vivo spectroscopic measurements are made and interpreted.

In vivo, noncontact, real-time, PV[O]H imaging of the immediate local physiological response to spinal cord injury in a rat model.

We report a small exploratory study of a methodology for real-time imaging of chemical and physical changes in spinal cords in the immediate aftermath of a localized contusive injury. One hundred separate experiments involving scanning NIR images, one-dimensional, two-dimensional (2-D), and point measurements, obtained , within a 3  ×  7  mm field, on spinal cords surgically exposed between T9 and T10 revealed differences between injured and healthy cords. The collected raw data, i.

Modifiable life style factors and risk for incident endometriosis.

Background: Caffeine, alcohol, smoking and physical activity are known to alter sex steroid synthesis, which may affect hormone-dependent gynaecologic disease risk, such as endometriosis; however, few studies have assessed life style factors prior to endometriosis diagnosis.

Methods: Four hundred and seventy three women, ages 18-44 years, underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy, regardless of clinical indication, at 14 clinic sites, 2007-2009. Women with prior surgically confirmed endometriosis were excluded.

Fertility-sparing management of endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Unlabelled: Approximately 15% of patients with endometrial cancer are premenopausal. Previous studies largely support the conservative treatment of endometrial cancer in women desiring future fertility. From these studies, 75% to 80% of patients demonstrate a complete response to progestin therapy and the average recurrence rate is 30% to 35%.

Virtual reality technologies for research and education in obesity and diabetes: research needs and opportunities.

The rising rates, high prevalence, and adverse consequences of obesity and diabetes call for new approaches to the complex behaviors needed to prevent and manage these conditions. Virtual reality (VR) technologies, which provide controllable, multisensory, interactive three-dimensional (3D) stimulus environments, are a potentially valuable means of engaging patients in interventions that foster more healthful eating and physical activity patterns. Furthermore, the capacity of VR technologies to motivate, record, and measure human performance represents a novel and useful modality for conducting research.

Consensus recommendations for advancing breast cancer: risk identification and screening in ethnically diverse younger women.

A need exists for a breast cancer risk identification paradigm that utilizes relevant demographic, clinical, and other readily obtainable patient-specific data in order to provide individualized cancer risk assessment, direct screening efforts, and detect breast cancer at an early disease stage in historically underserved populations, such as younger women (under age 40) and minority populations, who represent a disproportionate number of military beneficiaries. Recognizing this unique need for military beneficiaries, a consensus panel was convened by the USA TATRC to review available evidence for individualized breast cancer risk assessment and screening in young (< 40), ethnically diverse women with an overall goal of improving care for military beneficiaries. In the process of review and discussion, it was determined to publish our findings as the panel believes that our recommendations have the potential to reduce health disparities in risk assessment, health promotion, disease prevention, and early cancer detection within and in other underserved populations outside of the military.

Nanotechnology research: applications in nutritional sciences.

The tantalizing potential of nanotechnology is to fabricate and combine nanoscale approaches and building blocks to make useful tools and, ultimately, interventions for medical science, including nutritional science, at the scale of approximately 1-100 nm. In the past few years, tools and techniques that facilitate studies and interventions in the nanoscale range have become widely available and have drawn widespread attention. Recently, investigators in the food and nutrition sciences have been applying the tools of nanotechnology in their research.

Differences in the prevalence of growth, endocrine and vitamin D abnormalities among the various thalassaemia syndromes in North America.

This study aimed to determine differences in the rates of growth, endocrine- and calcium-related abnormalities in the various thalassemia syndromes in North America treated with current therapies. Medical history, physical examinations and blood and urine collections were obtained from patients with all thalassemia syndromes age 6 years and older in the Thalassemia Clinical Research Network. 361 subjects, 49% male, mean age 23.

Effect of hemoglobin concentration variation on the accuracy and precision of glucose analysis using tissue modulated, noninvasive, in vivo Raman spectroscopy of human blood: a small clinical study.

Tissue modulated Raman spectroscopy was used noninvasively to measure blood glucose concentration in people with type I and type II diabetes with HemoCue fingerstick measurements being used as reference. Including all of the 49 measurements, a Clarke error grid analysis of the noninvasive measurements showed that 72% were A range, i.e.

Current and future commitment to hematology research.

This article provides an overview of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's (NHLBI) current and future commitment to hematology research. The paper comprises nine sections: (1) a brief history of how NHLBI incorporated blood research in its mission; (2) a summary of the traditional areas of research interest for blood diseases and resources; (3) a description of how NHLBI has assured and continues to assure a safe blood supply; (4) the current and future plans for transfusion medicine and cellular therapy research; (5) research support for hemoglobinopathies and red cell disorders; (6) research support for thrombosis and hemostatic disorders; (7) current and future research of hematopoietic stem cell biology, and aplastic and preneoplastic conditions; (8) future training for hematologists, and (9) a concluding summary.