Use of Peripheral Nerve Blocks Is Not Associated With Decreased Postoperative Opioid Prescription After ACL Reconstruction in Adolescents.

The rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and reconstruction in pediatric patients is increasing. Perioperative peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are widely used for pain management in this population. We used a multi-state administrative claims database to describe the effect of PNB after ACL reconstruction on postoperative opioid consumption.

Opioid Represcriptions After ACL Reconstruction in Adolescents Are Associated With Subsequent Opioid Use Disorder.

Introduction: Postoperative opioid prescriptions may confer a risk for subsequent opioid use disorders (OUDs). For many children, postoperative analgesia is often the first opioid exposure. The rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in pediatric populations are rising.

Radial Width of the Lateral Meniscus at the Popliteal Hiatus: Relevance to Saucerization of Discoid Lateral Menisci.

Background: A discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) is a congenital anomaly of the knee in which the lateral meniscus has an "O" shape and contains irregular, abnormal collagenous tissue. A DLM can cause mechanical symptoms and pain. Treatment of a symptomatic DLM is arthroscopic saucerization to reshape the meniscus to a more normal contour.

Opiate prescribing patterns in the adolescent population following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Objective: We sought to determine prescribing patterns for opioid analgesia following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction among age- and gender-stratified adolescents in a nationally representative database.

Design: A retrospective study.

Setting: PearlDiver Patient Records.

Computer Navigation for Pediatric Femoral ACL Tunnel Placement.

Background: To compare accuracy, time and radiation exposure of pediatric femoral tunnel placement using computer navigation with a traditional freehand technique.

Methods: A single all-epiphyseal femoral tunnel was placed in the distal femur of 20 Sawbones™ adolescent knee models. Ten tunnels were drilled using standard fluoroscopic guidance (FG).

Sport Participation and Specialization Characteristics Among Pediatric Soccer Athletes.

Background: Soccer is an increasingly popular sport for children and adolescents in the United States. Little is known about participation patterns related to sport specialization.

Purpose: To investigate soccer participation levels and sport specialization characteristics among youth soccer athletes.

Patellar Instability in the Skeletally Immature.

Purpose Of Review: This review will focus on the evaluation and management of patellar instability in the developing patient.

Recent Findings: A large number of surgical techniques have been described to prevent recurrent patellofemoral instability in the pediatric population, including both proximal and distal realignment procedures. The wide variety of treatment options highlights the lack of agreement as to the best surgical approach.

Prospective evaluation of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA clearance and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission scan in assessing early response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Plasma Epstein-Barr virus (pEBV) DNA and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission (PET) reflect tumour burden in advanced NPC. This study hypothesised that a dual endpoint based on assessing pEBV DNA clearance and PET response could predict early drug response.

Methods: Eligible patients underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan and dual PET-CT at baseline, a PET-CT at 4 weeks, and then a CT scan at 10 weeks after starting palliative or induction chemotherapy.

Jagged 2 silencing inhibits motility and invasiveness of colorectal cancer cell lines.

Although the Notch pathway has been reported to be activated in colorectal cancer (CRC), limited information is available regarding the expression and role of its ligand, Jagged 2 (JAG2), in CRC. Using immunohistochemistry, the present study demonstrated that JAG2 protein expression may be detected in up to 95% of CRC cases and is 3-fold upregulated in tumor cells compared to surrounding normal tissues. This finding suggests that JAG2 may have a role in the tumorigenicity of CRC.

Effect of Preoperative Indications Conference on Procedural Planning for Treatment of Scoliosis.

Study Design: This study determines the rate of change in the scoliosis surgery plan in cases presented in preoperative indications conference.

Objectives: To determine the effect of preoperative indications conference on the plan of surgery and to identify characteristics that increased the likelihood of change.

Summary Of Background Data: Preoperative indications conferences are used as a teaching and planning tool.

Systematic evaluation of circulating inflammatory markers for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Backgrounds & Aims: A number of circulating inflammatory factors are implicated in the pathogenesis and prognostication of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aim to evaluate the prognostication of multiple serum inflammatory factors simultaneously and develop an objective inflammatory score for HCC.

Methods: A prospective cohort of 555 patients with HCC with paired serum samples was accrued from 2009 to 2012.

Detection of Femoral Neck Fractures in Pediatric Patients With Femoral Shaft Fractures.

Background: Ipsilateral femoral neck fractures occur in 1% to 9% of adult trauma patients with femoral shaft fractures making dedicated imaging important. This is not as clear in children. Our purpose is to establish the incidence of ipsilateral femoral neck fractures in children with femoral shaft fractures and to provide recommendations regarding diagnostic imaging protocols.

Computer Modeling Analysis of the Talar Dome as a Graft for the Humeral Head.

Purpose: To study the degree of surface congruency between the talar dome and humeral head, to determine the size of graft harvestable from the talar dome, and to determine if there are surrogate markers that correspond to a higher degree of surface congruency.

Methods: Computer models of 7 nonmatched humeral heads and 7 talar domes were generated by digital segmentation of magnetic resonance (MR) images. Modeled defect regions of each humeral head were then aligned with medial and lateral surfaces of each talar dome using software to maximally limit surface mismatch.

Current and future molecular diagnostics in non-small-cell lung cancer.

The molecular investigation of lung cancer has opened up an advanced area for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of lung cancer patients. Gene alterations in cancer initiation and progression provide not only information on molecular changes in lung cancer but also opportunities in advanced therapeutic regime by personalized targeted therapy. EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangement are important predictive biomarkers for the efficiency of tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in lung cancer patients.

Clinical utility of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA and ERCC1 single nucleotide polymorphism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) gene has been linked with sensitivity to platinum and radiation. The authors hypothesized that the ERCC1 genotype for the SNPs cytosine-to-thymine substitution at codon 118 (C118T) and cytosine-to-adenine substitution at codon 8092 (C8092A) is prognostic in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who receive either radiotherapy (RT) or cisplatin plus RT.

Methods: The authors tested their hypothesis using biomarker screening samples from the Hong Kong NPC Study Group 0502 trial, which was a prospective, multicenter clinical trial that used post-RT plasma Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) DNA (pEBV) levels to screen patients with high-risk NPC for adjuvant chemotherapy.

-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator promotes proliferation and invasiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

The -induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is the protein product of the p53 target gene, . TIGAR blocks glycolysis and promotes cellular metabolism via the pentose phosphate pathway; it promotes the production of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which leads to enhanced scavenging of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in normal cells. Our previous study identified a novel nucleoside analog that inhibited cellular growth and induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines via downregulation of TIGAR expression.

Effects of varying locations for biceps tendon tenotomy and superior labral integrity on shoulder stability in a cadaveric concavity-compression model.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the location of biceps tenotomy and the integrity of the superior labrum as they relate to superior glenohumeral joint stability in a cadaveric concavity-compression model.

Methods: Eight cadaveric glenoid labrums were mounted individually onto a load cell with the corresponding humerus fixed to the loading arm in the hanging-arm position. All surrounding soft tissue was removed except the labrum and proximal stump of the long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon, simulating a biceps tenotomy.

Current and future molecular diagnostics in colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in developed countries. On the other hand, CRC is also one of the most curable cancers if it is detected in early stages through regular colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. Since CRC develops slowly from precancerous lesions, early detection can reduce both the incidence and mortality of the disease.

Clinical significance of frizzled homolog 3 protein in colorectal cancer patients.

Frizzled homolog 3 receptor was up-regulated in several gastrointestinal cancers such as esophageal and gastric cancers. Moreover, frizzled homolog 3 has recently reported to be expressed in colorectal adenoma specimens. In the present study, we investigated the clinical significance of frizzled homolog 3 protein in colorectal cancer patients.

Advanced technologies for studying circulating tumor cells at the protein level.

Metastasis is the main cause of cancer death. As the tumor progresses, cells from the primary tumor site are shed into the bloodstream as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Eventually, these cells colonize other organs and form distant metastases.

The effect of rod diameter on correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis at two years follow-up.

Study Design: The review of multicenter national pediatric scoliosis database.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent scoliosis surgery utilizing different rod diameter constructs by the posterior approach.

Background: Little attention has specifically been focused on the effect of rod diameter on correction of spinal deformity after posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion in children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Unilateral meniscomeniscal ligament.

Four normal variants of meniscomeniscal ligaments have been previously reported in the anatomy, arthroscopy, and radiology literature. The anterior and posterior transverse meniscal ligaments are the 2 most commonly observed, with a reported frequency of 58% and 1% to 4%, respectively. The last 2 variants include the medial and lateral oblique meniscomeniscal ligaments and account for a combined frequency of 1% to 4%.

A study of circulating interleukin 10 in prognostication of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The level of circulating interleukin 10 (IL-10) is elevated in a proportion of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of serum the IL-10 level in patients with unresectable HCC.

Methods: Patients with unresectable HCC who provided serum at the time of diagnosis were enrolled prospectively in the study.

Human papillomavirus DNA detection in menstrual blood from patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and condyloma acuminatum.

The Papanicolaou test generates pain and embarrassment, and cytology screening has limited sensitivity for detection of cervical neoplasia. These factors urge the use of another screening test that can overcome these limitations. We explore a completely noninvasive method using detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in women's menstrual blood (MB).