Nursing Workforce Optimization Study: A Multi-method Evaluation and Process Improvement Intervention for HIV Service Delivery in Tanzania and Zambia.

Nurses are often suboptimally used in HIV care, due to misalignment of training and practice, workflow inefficiencies, and management challenges. We sought to understand nursing workforce capacity and support implementation of process improvement strategies to improve efficiency of HIV service delivery in Tanzania and Zambia. We conducted time and motion observations and task analyses at 16 facilities followed by process improvement workshops.

Informal payments for primary health services in Zambia: Evidence from a health facility patient exit survey.

Although informal patient payments are a common feature of health systems in developing countries, little empirical evidence is available about the prevalence and magnitude of these payments in African health systems. The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and determinants of informal patient payments in the Zambian health system. The study is based on a patient exit survey of 1900 patients that was conducted at government primary health facilities in three provinces in Zambia in 2018.