The NExT trial: Protocol for a two-phase randomized controlled trial testing transcranial magnetic stimulation to augment exposure therapy for youth with OCD.

Background: Exposure with Response Prevention (ERP) is a first-line treatment for OCD, but even when combined with first-line medications it is insufficiently effective for approximately half of patients. Compulsivity in OCD is thought to arise from an imbalance of two distinct neural circuits associated with specific subregions of striatum. Targeted modulation of these circuits via key cortical nodes (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [dlPFC] or presupplementary motor area [pSMA]) has the potential to improve ERP efficacy by decreasing compulsions during therapy.

Serological Evidence of Potential Marburg Virus Circulation in Livestock and Dogs in Ghana.

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a zoonotic hemorrhagic disease with an estimated case fatality rate of up to 88%. Ghana recorded its first human MVD outbreak in June 2022 and although the outbreak was quickly brought under control, the transmission dynamics of the disease remained unclear. We assessed the presence of Marburg virus (MARV) antibodies in livestock and dogs and identified associated risk factors that increased the risk of these animals being exposed to MARV in five regions of Ghana.

Impact of Family Structure on Adolescent Depression Outcomes in a Collaborative Care Program.

Introduction/objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of family structure on depression program outcomes for adolescents enrolled in a depression-focused, primary care-based collaborative care program.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of primary care patients ages 12 to 18 years seen at a Midwestern academic center with data obtained by medical record review. We used logistic regression models to assess the effect of family structure on program graduation and achievement of a single Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Modified for Adolescents (PHQ-9M) score <5 at any time while enrolled.

A Dose-Finding, Biomarker Validation, and Effectiveness Study of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adolescents With Depression.

Objective: Research and clinical application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for adolescents with major depressive disorder has advanced slowly. Significant gaps persist in the understanding of optimized, age-specific protocols and dosing strategies. This study aimed to compare the clinical effects of 1-Hz vs 10-Hz TMS regimens and examine a biomarker-informed treatment approach with glutamatergic intracortical facilitation (ICF).

Scoping Review: Transdiagnostic Measurement of Impulsivity Domains in Youth Using the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scales.

Objective: Impulsivity contributes to many clinically relevant behaviors impacting youth. A scoping review was conducted to characterize existing research using the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking (UPPS) Impulsive Behavior Scales in youth populations, to review the psychometric and validity data of UPPS, and to summarize findings related to sex/gender and diagnostic populations of youth.

Method: PubMed, Embase, and PsycNET databases were searched from January 1, 2001 (original UPPS publication) through October 2, 2022, according to PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.

Co-Circulating Monkeypox and Swinepox Viruses, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2022.

In September 2022, deaths of pigs manifesting pox-like lesions caused by swinepox virus were reported in Tshuapa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Two human mpox cases were found concurrently in the surrounding community. Specific diagnostics and robust sequencing are needed to characterize multiple poxviruses and prevent potential poxvirus transmission.

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescents with treatment-resistant depression: A preliminary dose-finding study exploring safety and clinical effectiveness.

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) that modulates neural activity. Deep TMS (dTMS) can target not only cortical but also deeper limbic structures implicated in depression. Although TMS has demonstrated safety in adolescents, dTMS has yet to be applied to adolescent TRD.

Domestic pigs are susceptible to experimental infection with non-human primate-derived Reston virus without the need for adaptation.

Domestic pigs are a critical component of the food supply and one of the most commonly raised production animals. Pork consumption has driven the intensification of pig production expanding into environments conducive to increased emergence and spread of infectious diseases, including the spillover of pathogens into human populations. One of these emerging viruses, Reston virus (RESTV), is an enigma among the Orthoebolavirus genus in that its lack of human pathogenicity is in stark contrast to the high virulence associated with most other ebolaviruses.

Molecular and Pathological Characterization of Classical Swine Fever Virus Genotype 2 Strains Responsible for the 2013-2018 Outbreak in Colombia.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious transboundary viral disease of domestic and wild pigs. Despite mass vaccination and continuous eradication programs, CSF remains endemic in Asia, some countries in Europe, the Caribbean and South America. Since June 2013, Northern Colombia has reported 137 CSF outbreaks, mostly in backyard production systems with low vaccination coverage.

Aldol Cleavage in Water and the Power of Citrate Lyase as a Catalyst.

Citrate lyase allows to grow anaerobically on citrate as the sole carbon source. Arrhenius analysis of experiments at high temperatures indicates that citrate is cleaved nonenzymatically to acetate and oxaloacetate with a of 6.9 million years in neutral solution at 25 °C, while malate cleavage occurs even more slowly ( = 280 million years).

A pilot spectroscopy study of adversity in adolescents.

Background: Childhood adversity is a global health problem affecting 25-50% of children worldwide. Few prior studies have examined the underlying neurochemistry of adversity in adolescents. This cross-sectional study examined spectroscopic markers of trauma in a cohort of adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls.

Livestock and Risk Group 4 Pathogens: Researching Zoonotic Threats to Public Health and Agriculture in Maximum Containment.

Maximum-containment laboratories are a unique and essential component of the bioeconomy of the United States. These facilities play a critical role in the national infrastructure, supporting research on a select set of especially dangerous pathogens, as well as novel, emerging diseases. Understanding the ecology, biology, and pathology at the human-animal interface of zoonotic spillover events is fundamental to efficient control and elimination of disease.

Comparative susceptibility of eastern cottontails and New Zealand white rabbits to classical rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and RHDV2.

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). In 2010, a genetically distinct RHDV named RHDV2 emerged in Europe and spread to many other regions, including North America in 2016. Prior to this study it was unknown if eastern cottontails (ECT(s); Sylvilagus floridanus), one of the most common wild lagomorphs in the United States, were susceptible to RHDV2.

Preliminary Evidence for Anhedonia as a Marker of Sexual Trauma in Female Adolescents.

Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common condition with heterogeneous presentations that often include predominant anhedonia. Previous studies have revealed that childhood trauma is a potent risk factor for the development of MDD; however, the clinical implications of this finding are not fully understood.

Methods: Participants were adolescents (age 13-21 years) with a diagnosis of moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder and healthy controls.

Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes, Disposition, and Acute Care of Children and Adolescents Treated for Acetaminophen Toxicity.

Objective: Acetaminophen is a common cause of intentional and inadvertent overdoses among children and adolescents worldwide. Little is known about characteristics and clinical outcomes of these youths. The primary goal of this naturalistic study was to describe the psychiatric characteristics, medical management, outcomes, and dispositions of children and adolescents evaluated for excessive acetaminophen exposure.

Use of Machine Learning with Temporal Photoluminescence Signals from CdTe Quantum Dots for Temperature Measurement in Microfluidic Devices.

Because of the vital role of temperature in many biological processes studied in microfluidic devices, there is a need to develop improved temperature sensors and data analysis algorithms. The photoluminescence (PL) of nanocrystals (quantum dots) has been successfully used in microfluidic temperature devices, but the accuracy of the reconstructed temperature has been limited to about 1 K over a temperature range of tens of degrees. A machine learning algorithm consisting of a fully-connected network of seven layers with decreasing numbers of nodes was developed and applied to a combination of normalized spectral and time-resolved PL data of CdTe quantum dot emission in a microfluidic device.

The Burden Borne by Protein Methyltransferases: Rates and Equilibria of Non-enzymatic Methylation of Amino Acid Side Chains by SAM in Water.

SAM is a powerful methylating agent, with a methyl group transfer potential matching the phosphoryl group transfer potential of ATP. SAM-dependent -methyltransferases have evolved to catalyze the modification of specific lysine residues in histones and transcription factors, in addition to generating epinephrine, -methylnicotinamide, and a quaternary amine (betaine) that is used to maintain osmotic pressure in plants and halophilic bacteria. To assess the catalytic power of these enzymes and their potential susceptibility to transition state and multisubstrate analogue inhibitors, we determined the rates and positions of the equilibrium of methyl transfer from the trimethylsulfonium ion to model amines in the absence of a catalyst.

Susceptibility of Domestic Swine to Experimental Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent that causes coronavirus disease, has been shown to infect several species. The role of domestic livestock and associated risks for humans in close contact with food production animals remains unknown for many species. Determining the susceptibility of pigs to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to a One Health approach to manage potential risk for zoonotic transmission.

Glutamatergic Correlates of Bipolar Symptoms in Adolescents.

Prior studies demonstrate elevated cortical glutamate (Glu) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Studies assessing neurochemistry in early stages of bipolar illness before the emergence of manic symptoms are lacking. This study aimed to examine neurochemical correlates measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) and a dimensional measure of bipolarity in a sample of depressed adolescents.

Challenges in Having Vaccines Available to Control Transboundary Diseases of Livestock.

The global human population is growing at a rapid rate leading to the need for continued expansion of food animal production to meet the world's increasing nutritional requirements. As a consequence of this increased production demand, the use of high volume, animal dense systems have expanded providing high quality protein at reduced costs. Backyard animal production has also expanded.

Impacts of dibenzopyrenes on bacterial community isolated from Gulf of Mexico sediment.

The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine environments as a result of contamination is an environmental concern, especially in regions where oil spills such as the Deepwater Horizon have occurred. While numerous PAHs have been studied for their effects on microbes, the family of dibenzopyrenes has yet to be investigated. In this preliminary study, the impacts of these molecules on the community structure of a bacterial consortium isolated from oil-impacted Gulf of Mexico sediment were examined using high-throughput sequencing, demonstrating intriguing negative impacts on species diversity and abundance.