Early Enteral Nutrition in Aeromedically Evacuated Critically Ill/Injured Patients With a Resultant Validation Algorithm for the Theater Validating Flight Surgeon.

Introduction: Early enteral feeding in critically ill/injured patients promotes gut integrity and immunocompetence and reduces infections and intensive care unit/hospital stays. Aeromedical evacuation (AE) often takes place concurrently. As a result, AE and early enteral feeding should be inseparable.

Investigation of Stethoscope Technology for En Route Care.

Occupational challenges in air transport domains make auscultation with traditional stethoscopes difficult. This study aimed to investigate two commercial off-the-shelf stethoscopes for use in high noise military patient transport environments. The stethoscopes were assessed by Aeromedical Evacuation providers in a simulated C-130 trainer on live standardized mock patients.

Substituent effects on spin state in a series of mononuclear manganese(III) complexes with hexadentate Schiff-Base ligands.

Eleven new mononuclear manganese(III) complexes prepared from two hexadentate ligands, L1 and L2, with different degrees of steric bulk in the substituents are reported. L1 and L2 are Schiff bases resulting from condensation of N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine with 3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde respectively, and are members of a ligand series we have abbreviated as R-Sal2323 to indicate the 323 alkyl connectivity in the starting tetraamine and the substitution (R) on the phenolate ring. L1 hosts a methoxy substituent on both phenolate rings, while L2 bears a larger ethoxy group in the same position.

Co-crystallisation of competing structural modes in geometrically constrained Jahn-Teller manganese(III) complexes.

The combination of Jahn-Teller distortion and chelating ligands produces a fine balance between competing coordination modes in manganese(III) resulting in well-ordered co-crystallization of two distinct assemblies from one set of components under a single set of conditions.

Lattice effects on the spin-crossover profile of a mononuclear manganese(III) cation.

Six solvated salts of a mononuclear manganese(III) complex with a chelating hexadentate Schiff base ligand are reported. One member of the series, [MnL]PF(6)⋅0.5 CH(3)OH (1), shows a rare low-spin (LS) electronic configuration between 10-300 K.

A novel trisprotonated beta-dialdiminate cryptand.

The beta-dialdiminate cryptand L(4) can be isolated in the tris protonated state, [H(3)L(4)](3+), from the condensation of malonaldehyde (generated in situ from its tetraacetal derivative) with tris-2-aminoethylamine (tren) in [3 + 2] mode. The cryptate cannot be deprotonated under aqueous conditions, but the neutral cryptand can be made by treatment with KOH in dry methanol. This cryptand is water-sensitive, but may be treated with copper salts under anhydrous conditions to generate highly insoluble copper(II) derivatives.

N-methylation of macrobicycles reduces encapsulation ability.

N-methylation alters the conformation of octa-azacryptands leaving them unable to use all potential N-donors to coordinate copper(II) and anionic guests. This restriction, in the presence of other donors, normally results in exogenous coordination, with the exception of carbonate complexes, where two O-donors from the bridging anion along with three N-donors from the cryptand serve, in this series uniquely, to retain a pair of copper(II) ions within the "basket-shaped" cavity.

Effect of methylation on the coordination of copper by small azacryptands; the role of geometrically constrained hydrogen bonding in stabilizing terminally coordinated oxygen species.

Treatment of N-methyl substituted aminocryptand hosts with copper(II) generates monocopper(II) cryptates where copper(II) coordinates an oxygen-centered species, formally H3O+, which is also strongly hydrogen bonded to three aminocryptand N-methyl atoms via bonds which may best be viewed as NH(delta+)...

Cascade complexation: a single cyano bridge links a pair of Cu(II) cations.

A series of structurally characterised mu-cyanodicopper(II) cryptates shows moderately strong antiferromagnetic interaction in the range -2J= 150-200 cm(-1), at the high end of the observed range for such assemblies. The lowest magnetic exchange coupling parameter is displayed where there is slight bending of the M-CN-M assembly, enforced by the constraints of cryptate encapsulation. Thermally accessible triplet EPR spectra are observed with zero-field splittings of the order of 0.

Electrochemistry of a labile average-valence dicopper system.

Electrochemical studies on an average-valent dicopper cryptate demonstrate the existence of a solvent-assisted disproportionation in acetonitrile, which is absent in water. The existence of this process was confirmed via absorption spectroscopy, which allowed the evaluation of thermodynamic parameters. The disproportionation equilibrium is enthalpically controlled, and the results suggest an upper limit for the bond energy of the one-electron Cu-Cu bond of 200 kJ mol(-1).

Redox-adaptable copper hosts. Pyridazine-linked cryptands accommodate copper in a range of redox States.

A series of structurally characterized copper complexes of two pyridazine-spaced cryptands in redox states + (I,I), (II,I), (II), (II,II) are reported. The hexaimine cryptand L(I) [formed by the 2 + 3 condensation of 3,6-diformylpyridazine with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren)] is able to accommodate two non-stereochemically demanding copper(I) ions, resulting in [Cu(I)(2)L(I)](BF(4))(2) 1, or one stereochemically demanding copper(II) ion, resulting in [Cu(II)L(I)()](BF(4))(2) 3. Complex 3 crystallizes in two forms, 3a and 3b, with differing copper(II) ion coordination geometries.