Clinical Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist Use for Weight Loss in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Scoping Review.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gastrointestinal regulatory hormone that stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. While GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have traditionally been utilized to address insulin resistance, their potential application in treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has recently garnered attention. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of GLP-1 RAs use for weight loss in women diagnosed with PCOS.

Biomarkers derived from CmP signal network in triple negative breast cancers.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women, accounting for approximately 30% of all new cancer cases. The prognosis of breast cancer heavily depends on the stage of diagnosis, with early detection resulting in higher survival rates. Various risk factors, including family history, alcohol consumption and hormone exposure, contribute to breast cancer development.

Intravenous push antibiotics in the emergency department: Education and implementation.

Purpose: Intravenous push antibiotics can serve as an alternative to intravenous piggyback antibiotics while providing the same pharmacodynamics and adverse effect profile, easing shortage pressures and decreasing order to administration time, as well as representing a potential cost savings. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intravenous push antibiotics could decrease the time from an order to the start of administration compared to piggyback antibiotics in emergency departments. This study also measured the cost savings of antibiotic preparation and administration and assessed nursing satisfaction when using intravenous push antibiotics.

A unified explanation for the morphology of raised peatlands.

Raised peatlands, or bogs, are gently mounded landforms that are composed entirely of organic matter and store the most carbon per area of any terrestrial ecosystem. The shapes of bogs are critically important because their domed morphology accounts for much of the carbon that bogs store and determines how they will respond to interventions to stop greenhouse gas emissions and fires after anthropogenic drainage. However, a general theory to infer the morphology of bogs is still lacking.

A mass-balance approach to evaluate arsenic intake and excretion in different populations.

Unless a toxicant builds up in a deep compartment, intake by the human body must on average balance the amount that is lost. We apply this idea to assess arsenic (As) exposure misclassification in three previously studied populations in rural Bangladesh (n = 11,224), Navajo Nation in the Southwestern United States (n = 619), and northern Chile (n = 630), under varying assumptions about As sources. Relationships between As intake and excretion were simulated by taking into account additional sources, as well as variability in urine dilution inferred from urinary creatinine.

Well-Switching to Reduce Arsenic Exposure in Bangladesh: Making the Most of Inaccurate Field Kit Measurements.

Well-switching programs in Bangladesh have successfully lowered arsenic exposure. In these programs, households switch from wells that are labeled "unsafe" to nearby wells labeled "safe," but these designations are usually based on inherently inaccurate field kit measurements. Here, we (a) compare the efficacy of field-kit measurements to accurate laboratory measurements for well switching, (b) investigate the potential impact on well switching of the chosen "safe" threshold, and (c) consider the possible benefits of providing more detailed concentration information than just "safe" and "unsafe.

A mass-balance model to assess arsenic exposure from multiple wells in Bangladesh.

Background: Water arsenic (As) sources beyond a rural household's primary well may be a significant source for certain individuals, including schoolchildren and men working elsewhere.

Objective: To improve exposure assessment by estimating the fraction of drinking water that comes from wells other than the household's primary well in a densely populated area.

Methods: We use well water and urinary As data collected in 2000-2001 within a 25 km area of Araihazar upazila, Bangladesh, for 11,197 participants in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS).

Aquifer-Scale Observations of Iron Redox Transformations in Arsenic-Impacted Environments to Predict Future Contamination.

Iron oxides control the mobility of a host of contaminants in aquifer systems, and the microbial reduction of iron oxides in the subsurface is linked to high levels of arsenic in groundwater that affects greater than 150 million people globally. Paired observations of groundwater and solid-phase aquifer composition are critical to understand spatial and temporal trends in contamination and effectively manage changing water resources, yet field-representative mineralogical data are sparse across redox gradients relevant to arsenic contamination. We characterize iron mineralogy using X-ray absorption spectroscopy across a natural gradient of groundwater arsenic contamination in Vietnam.

Evaluation of a field kit for testing arsenic in paddy soil contaminated by irrigation water.

Rice is the primary crop in Bangladesh and rice yield is diminished due to the buildup of arsenic (As) in soil from irrigation with high-As groundwater. Soil testing with an inexpensive kit could help farmers target high-As soil for mitigation or decide to switch to a different crop that is less sensitive to As in soil. A total of 3,240 field kit measurements of As in 0.

Geochemical transformations beneath man-made ponds: Implications for arsenic mobilization in South Asian aquifers.

The role of man-made ponds on arsenic mobilization was examined in Bangladesh. Here, we describe a field experiment that shows how recharge from a newly constructed pond creates a reactive front that moves downward into the underlying aquifer, but only advances slowly, less than 8 cm/year. We found that pond recharge introduces organic carbon that likely drives the reduction of sulfate and solid-phase iron.

Efficacy of fenugreek seed extract on men's psychological and physical health: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial.

Objectives: Limited research has examined the effects of fenugreek ( L.) supplementation to improve healthy younger men's aging male symptoms. The study objective was to examine whether a fenugreek seed extract would improve healthy men's aging male symptoms, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), grip strength, and anxiety.

Quantifying Riverine Recharge Impacts on Redox Conditions and Arsenic Release in Groundwater Aquifers Along the Red River, Vietnam.

Widespread contamination of groundwater with geogenic arsenic is attributed to microbial dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron (oxyhydr)oxides minerals coupled to the oxidation of organic carbon. The recharge sources to an aquifer can influence groundwater arsenic concentrations by transport of dissolved arsenic or reactive constituents that affect arsenic mobilization. To understand how different recharge sources affect arsenic contamination-in particular through their influence on organic carbon and sulfate cycling-we delineated and quantified recharge sources in the arsenic affected region around Hanoi, Vietnam.

CO emissions from an undrained tropical peatland: Interacting influences of temperature, shading and water table depth.

Emission of CO from tropical peatlands is an important component of the global carbon budget. Over days to months, these fluxes are largely controlled by water table depth. However, the diurnal cycle is less well understood, in part, because most measurements have been collected daily at midday.

Inversion of High-Arsenic Soil for Improved Rice Yield in Bangladesh.

Rice is the primary crop in Bangladesh, and rice yield is diminished due to the buildup of arsenic (As) in soil from irrigation with high-As groundwater. Implementing a soil inversion, where deeper low-As soil is exchanged with the surface high-As soil in contact with rice roots, may mitigate the negative impacts of As on yield. We compared soil As, soil nutrients, and rice yield in control plots with those in adjacent soil inversion plots.

Changes in arsenic exposure in Araihazar, Bangladesh from 2001 through 2015 following a blanket well testing and education campaign.

Background: Concentrations of arsenic (As) are elevated in a large proportion of wells in Bangladesh but are spatially variable even within a village. This heterogeneity can enable exposed households to switch to a nearby well lower in As in response to blanket (area-wide) well As testing.

Objectives: We document the evolution of As exposure in Araihazar, Bangladesh following a blanket well testing and education campaign, as well as the installation of a considerable number of low As community wells.

Smoke radiocarbon measurements from Indonesian fires provide evidence for burning of millennia-aged peat.

In response to a strong El Niño, fires in Indonesia during September and October 2015 released a large amount of carbon dioxide and created a massive regional smoke cloud that severely degraded air quality in many urban centers across Southeast Asia. Although several lines of evidence indicate that peat burning was a dominant contributor to emissions in the region, El Niñ-induced drought is also known to increase deforestation fires and agricultural waste burning in plantations. As a result, uncertainties remain with respect to partitioning emissions among different ecosystem and fire types.

Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance.

Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics.

Field Study of Rice Yield Diminished by Soil Arsenic in Bangladesh.

Rice was traditionally grown only during the summer (aman) monsoon in Bangladesh but more than half is now grown during the dry winter (boro) season and requires irrigation. A previous field study conducted in a small area irrigated by a single high-arsenic well has shown that the accumulation of arsenic (As) in soil from irrigating with high-As groundwater can reduce rice yield. We investigated the effect of soil As on rice yield under a range of field conditions by exchanging the top 15 cm of soil between 13 high-As and 13 low-As plots managed by 16 different farmers, and we explore the implications for mitigation.

How temporal patterns in rainfall determine the geomorphology and carbon fluxes of tropical peatlands.

Tropical peatlands now emit hundreds of megatons of carbon dioxide per year because of human disruption of the feedbacks that link peat accumulation and groundwater hydrology. However, no quantitative theory has existed for how patterns of carbon storage and release accompanying growth and subsidence of tropical peatlands are affected by climate and disturbance. Using comprehensive data from a pristine peatland in Brunei Darussalam, we show how rainfall and groundwater flow determine a shape parameter (the Laplacian of the peat surface elevation) that specifies, under a given rainfall regime, the ultimate, stable morphology, and hence carbon storage, of a tropical peatland within a network of rivers or canals.

Megacity pumping and preferential flow threaten groundwater quality.

Many of the world's megacities depend on groundwater from geologically complex aquifers that are over-exploited and threatened by contamination. Here, using the example of Dhaka, Bangladesh, we illustrate how interactions between aquifer heterogeneity and groundwater exploitation jeopardize groundwater resources regionally. Groundwater pumping in Dhaka has caused large-scale drawdown that extends into outlying areas where arsenic-contaminated shallow groundwater is pervasive and has potential to migrate downward.

Durable intermediate-to long-term outcomes after minimally invasive transiliac sacroiliac joint fusion using triangular titanium implants.

Background: Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) fusion (SIJF), first performed 95 years ago, has become an increasingly accepted surgical option for chronic SIJ dysfunction. Few studies have reported intermediate- or long-term outcomes after SIJF.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine patient-based outcomes after SIJF for chronic SIJ dysfunction due to degenerative sacroiliitis or SIJ disruption at ≥3 years of follow-up.

Identity, storytelling and the philanthropic journey.

This article develops theoretical understanding of the involvement of wealthy entrepreneurs in socially transformative projects by offering a foundational theory of philanthropic identity narratives. We show that these narratives are structured according to the metaphorical framework of , through which actors envision and make sense of personal transformation. The journey provides a valuable metaphor for conceptualizing narrative identities in entrepreneurial careers as individuals navigate different social landscapes, illuminating identities as unfolding through a process of wayfinding in response to events, transitions and turning-points.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Joint Fusion Using Triangular Titanium Implants vs Nonsurgical Management for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction: 12-Month Outcomes.

Background: Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction is a prevalent cause of chronic, unremitting lower back pain.

Objective: To concurrently compare outcomes after surgical and nonsurgical treatment for chronic SIJ dysfunction.

Methods: A total of 148 subjects with SIJ dysfunction were randomly assigned to minimally invasive SIJ fusion with triangular titanium implants (n = 102) or nonsurgical management (n = 46).