Tinnitus and auditory cortex; Using adapted functional near-infrared-spectroscopy to expand brain imaging in humans.

Objectives: Phantom sound perception (tinnitus) may arise from altered brain activity within auditory cortex. Auditory cortex neurons in tinnitus animal models show increased spontaneous firing rates. This may be a core characteristic of tinnitus.

Comparison of esophageal placement of Bravo capsule system under direct endoscopic guidance with conventional placement method.

Background/aims: Conventional placement of a wireless esophageal pH monitoring device in the esophagus requires initial endoscopy to determine the distance to the gastroesophageal junction. Blind placement of the capsule by the Bravo delivery system is followed by repeat endoscopy to confirm placement. Alternatively, the capsule can be placed under direct vision during endoscopy.

Comparison of esophageal placement of Bravo capsule system under direct endoscopic guidance with conventional placement method.

Background: Conventional placement of a wireless esophageal pH monitoring device in the esophagus requires initial endoscopy to determine the distance to the gastroesophageal junction. Blind placement of the capsule by the Bravo delivery system is followed by repeat endoscopy to confirm placement. Alternatively, the capsule can be placed under direct vision during endoscopy.