Evaluating the effect of targeting body shape concerns on long-term weight change.

Objective: The goal of this follow-up to a randomized proof-of-concept study was to determine if targeting body shape concern (BSC) has a clinically significant impact on long-term weight change among adult women of higher body weight with BSC. A secondary aim was to observe the maintenance of body image improvements during follow-up.

Method: In the original 4-week trial, women were randomized to behavioral weight loss recommendations alone (control; n = 15) or combined with the evidence-based body project intervention (n = 17).

Athletes and Nonathletes Show No Difference in Symptoms or Function Prior to Knee Surgery, but Those With Chronic Symptoms Show Increased Pain Catastrophizing and Kinesiophobia.

Purpose: To determine whether preoperative psychological status before outpatient knee surgery is influenced by athletic status, symptom chronicity, or prior surgical history.

Methods: International Knee Documentation Committee subjective scores (IKDC-S), Tegner Activity Scale scores, and Marx Activity Rating Scale scores were collected. Psychological and pain surveys included the McGill pain scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia 11, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, Perceived Stress Scale, New General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Life Orientation Test-Revised for optimism.

Association Between Patient Factors and the Effectiveness of Wearable Trackers at Increasing the Number of Steps per Day Among Adults With Cardiometabolic Conditions: Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data From Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Current evidence supports the use of wearable trackers by people with cardiometabolic conditions. However, as the health benefits are small and confounded by heterogeneity, there remains uncertainty as to which patient groups are most helped by wearable trackers.

Objective: This study examined the effects of wearable trackers in patients with cardiometabolic conditions to identify subgroups of patients who most benefited and to understand interventional differences.

Bidirectional associations between body mass and bodily pain among middle-aged and older adults.

Higher body mass and obesity are associated with bodily pain, and rates of chronic pain increase among older adults. Most past studies are cross-sectional, precluding determination of the temporal relationship between body mass and pain. A longitudinal study of body mass and pain among middle-aged adults found that higher body mass index (BMI) led to greater lower back pain.

Distress disorder histories predict HRV trajectories during and after stress.

Background: Breast cancer survivors face a number of physical health threats including cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death among breast cancer survivors. Low heart rate variability (HRV) represents one well-established risk factor for poor cardiovascular health. Among physically healthy adults and breast cancer survivors, distress disorders may contribute to lower HRV, enhancing morbidity and mortality.

Predictors of poor pre-operative psychological status among patients with cartilage defects.

Background: We evaluated the risk factors for pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and elevated depressive symptoms among patients undergoing high-grade cartilage defect surgery. We hypothesized that cartilage patients would demonstrate high scores on pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and depression testing prior to surgery.

Methods: Two hundred and ten patients undergoing surgery for high-grade cartilage defects (56% chondroplasty, 36% microfracture, 22% autologous chondrocyte implantation) completed a preoperative survey before undergoing surgery.

Positive reframing: An important but underutilized coping strategy in youth athletes undergoing sports-related knee surgery.

Context: It is unknown how specific coping strategies are associated with the short-term outcomes among athletes following knee surgery.

Objective: 1) To determine whether specific coping strategies are associated with satisfaction, return to sport, self-reported knee function, or kinesiophobia following sports-related knee surgery. 2) To determine whether these associations vary by age, sex, or surgical procedure.

Social anxiety symptoms, heart rate variability, and vocal emotion recognition in women: evidence for parasympathetically-mediated positivity bias.

Background And Objectives: Individuals with social anxiety disorder show pronounced perceptual biases in social contexts, such as being hypervigilant to threat and discounting positive social cues. Parasympathetic activity influences responses to the social environment and may underlie these biases. This study examined the associations among social anxiety symptoms, heart rate variability (HRV), and vocal emotion recognition.

Higher Anxiety and Will to Live Are Associated With Poorer Adherence to Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Purpose: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) session attendance and rates of completion remain suboptimal. Greater distress (ie, depression and anxiety) has been associated with both better and poorer adherence. Will to live (ie, desire, determination and effort to survive) has been associated with survival among cardiac patients and thus may be relevant for CR adherence.

The pain of weight-related stigma among women with overweight or obesity.

Pain is prevalent among individuals with overweight or obesity but few studies have examined the mechanism linking pain with excess body weight. Because there is evidence that social and physical pain may be processed through similar physiological mechanisms, weight-stigma may potentiate the experience of physical pain through shared neuroanatomical pathways. This study evaluated the relationship between perceived weight stigma and self-reported bodily pain in a sample of overweight and obese adult women.

Pain perception and coping strategies influence early outcomes following knee surgery in athletes.

Objectives: To determine whether pain perceptions and coping strategies are predictive of the following outcomes after knee surgery in athletes: (1) return to similar level of sport, (2) improvement in symptoms, and (3) improvement in kinesiophobia.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: 101 athletes (52 men, 49 women; mean age 32.

Individual Coping Strategies Are Associated with Patient-Reported Satisfaction upon Completion of Rehabilitation following Sports-Related Knee Surgery.

We sought to determine whether individual coping strategies and optimism are associated with satisfaction after sports-related knee surgery at the time of rehabilitation completion and whether the association between coping strategies/optimism and satisfaction varies by surgical procedure or length of rehabilitation. A total of 104 recreational and competitive athletes who underwent knee surgery completed preoperative assessments for intrinsic optimism using the revised Life Orientation Test and coping strategies using the brief Coping Orientations to the Problem Experience inventory. Postoperative assessments at completion of rehabilitation (mean: 5.

Pilot randomized trial of brief behavioral treatment for insomnia in patients with heart failure.

Background: Insomnia is prevalent among patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with reduced physical and mental functioning, including possible exacerbation of cognitive deficits.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of Brief Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia (BBTI) on insomnia and related factors among HF patients.

Methods: Twenty-three HF patients with insomnia (70% women; 65% white; M = 55.

Evidence of Bidirectional Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Body Mass Among Older Adults.

Objectives: Body fat, measured with body mass index (BMI), and obesity are associated with depressive symptoms. Among younger adults there is stronger evidence of obesity leading to depressive symptoms than of depressive symptoms leading to obesity, but the temporal relationship is unknown among older adults. This study utilized dual-change-score models (DCSMs) to determine the directional relationship between body mass and depressive symptoms among older adults.

The role of illness uncertainty in the relationship between disease knowledge and patient-reported outcomes among adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease.

Background: Greater general disease knowledge predicts better patient-reported outcomes (PROs) among congenital heart disease (CHD) survivors, but higher illness uncertainty is associated with elevated emotional distress and poorer well-being among patients with chronic disease.

Objectives: This study explored the relationship of illness uncertainty and disease knowledge with emotional distress and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with CHD.

Methods: Individuals with CHD (N = 169, ages 15-39) completed self-report measures of disease knowledge (general and risk-related), illness uncertainty, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and HRQoL.

Sex and family history of cardiovascular disease influence heart rate variability during stress among healthy adults.

Objective: Studies of sex differences in heart rate variability (HRV) typically have not accounted for the influence of family history (FH) of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study evaluated sex differences in HRV response to speech stress among men and women (age range 30-49 years) with and without a documented FH of CVD.

Methods: Participants were 77 adults (mean age = 39.

Targeting body dissatisfaction among women with overweight or obesity: A proof-of-concept pilot study.

Objective: This proof-of-concept study was designed to replicate the effects of the empirically-supported Body Project intervention on body dissatisfaction when combined with behavioral recommendations for weight loss among women with overweight or obesity.

Method: Women with overweight or obesity who reported body dissatisfaction and a desire to lose weight were randomized to one of two 4-week treatment conditions. Individuals assigned to the standard group (n = 15) were directed to track diet and activity level daily.

Self-Regulation and Implicit Attitudes Toward Physical Activity Influence Exercise Behavior.

Dual-process models of health behavior posit that implicit and explicit attitudes independently drive healthy behaviors. Prior evidence indicates that implicit attitudes may be related to weekly physical activity (PA) levels, but the extent to which self-regulation attenuates this link remains unknown. This study examined the associations between implicit attitudes and self-reported PA during leisure time among 150 highly active young adults and evaluated the extent to which effortful control (one aspect of self-regulation) moderated this relationship.

Utility of Walk Tests in Evaluating Functional Status Among Participants in an Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Program.

Purpose: Although walk tests are frequently used in cardiac rehabilitation (CR), no prior study has evaluated the capacity of these measures to predict peak oxygen uptake during exercise testing ((Equation is included in full-text article.)O2peak). This study evaluated the interrelationship of objective measures of exercise performance (walk and exercise testing) among patients entering CR as well as a novel measure of functional status assessment for use in CR.

A group-mediated physical activity intervention in older knee osteoarthritis patients: effects on social cognitive outcomes.

The objective of the present study was to compare a group-mediated cognitive behavioral (GMCB) physical activity intervention with traditional exercise therapy (TRAD) upon select social cognitive outcomes in sedentary knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) patients. A total of 80 patients (mean age = 63.5 years; 84% women) were recruited using clinic and community-based strategies to a 12-month, single-blind, two-arm, randomized controlled trial.

Dietary intake mediates the relationship of body fat to pain.

Prior studies have documented an association of obesity with chronic pain, but the mechanism explaining the association remains unknown. This study evaluated the degree to which dietary intake of foods with anti-inflammatory effects mediates the relationship of body fat to body pain. Ninety-eight community-residing healthy adults (60% women; mean age = 43.

Lower Experiential Avoidance Is Associated With Psychological Well-being and Improved Cardiopulmonary Endurance Among Patients in Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Purpose: Patients with a diagnosis of cardiac disease are often asked to make significant lifestyle changes, but they may experience difficulty initiating and maintaining lifestyle changes, especially when engaging in experiential avoidance (EA), the tendency to push away unpleasant emotions and sensations. This study examined the relationship between EA, psychological functioning, cardiac-quality of life (cardiac-QOL), program adherence, and cardiopulmonary endurance among patients entering an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program.

Methods: Patients completed study questionnaires pre-CR, including 2 measures of EA (general and cardiac-specific), and assessments of psychological functioning and cardiac-QOL.

Repressive coping, stigmatization, psychological distress, and quality of life among behavioral weight management participants.

Repressive coping has been associated with elevated risk of disease and negative health outcomes in past studies. Although a prior study of healthy men found that repression was associated with lower body mass index (BMI), no study has examined repressive coping among obese individuals. This study examined the relationship of repressive coping with BMI and obesity-relevant psychosocial factors among 104 overweight and obese participants in a behavioral weight management program.

Biobehavioral Prognostic Factors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results From the INSPIRE-II Trial.

Objective: To examine the prognostic value of select biobehavioral factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a secondary analysis of participants from the INSPIRE-II trial.

Methods: Three hundred twenty-six outpatients with COPD underwent assessments of pulmonary function, physical activity, body mass index, inflammation, pulmonary symptoms, depression, and pulmonary quality of life and were followed up for up to 5.4 years for subsequent clinical events.

Six-minute-walk distance and accelerometry predict outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease independent of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2011 Group.

Rationale: The 2011 combined Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) assessment incorporates symptoms, exacerbation history, and spirometry in discriminating risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Six-minute-walk distance (6MWD) and accelerometry also have been used to assess disease severity in COPD. The association between these measures and the risks of hospitalization and mortality in the context of GOLD 2011 is unknown.