Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its association with PD-L1 and CD8 in thyroid cancer.

Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has recently been shown to play a role in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); however, the relationship between PD-L1 expression, EMT and the inflammatory tumour microenvironment has yet to be investigated in thyroid cancer. To address this issue, we examined the expression of CD8, PD-L1 and the EMT markers E-cadherin and vimentin in a cohort of 74 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients and investigated the association of these with clinicopathologic characteristics and disease-free survival (DFS). The relationship between PD-L1 and EMT was further examined in three thyroid cancer cell lines via Western blot and live cell imaging.

Elevated levels of soluble PD-L1 are associated with reduced recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer.

To date, no research evaluating the predictive capabilities of soluble programmed cell death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) in thyroid cancer patients has been performed. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of sPD-L1 expression in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and to evaluate the association between sPD-L1 levels with tumoural PD-L1 expression and patient outcomes. Pre-treatment levels of serum and plasma sPD-L1 were measured by ELISA in 101 PTC patients.

An update on gastrointestinal endoscopy-associated infections and their contributing factors.

Introduction: During clinical use, gastrointestinal endoscopes are grossly contaminated with patient's native flora. These endoscopes undergo reprocessing to prevent infectious transmission upon future use. Endoscopy-associated infections and outbreaks have been reported, with a recent focus on the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms.

Predictive relevance of programmed cell death protein 1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte expression in papillary thyroid cancer.

Background: Co-signaling molecule programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 has been shown to induce potent inhibition of T cell-mediated antitumoral immunity. Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density as biomarkers in specimens from patients with papillary thyroid cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data and tissue samples of 75 patients with papillary thyroid cancer.