Effects of atomoxetine on growth in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder following up to five years of treatment.

Objective: To examine the effects on growth of long-term pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we present findings from an ongoing 5-year study of the efficacy and safety of treatment with atomoxetine.

Methods: North American patients, 6-17 years old at study entry (N = 1,312) and with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,4th edition (DSM-IV) ADHD, were studied under open-label atomoxetine treatment. Sixty-one were studied up to 5 years.

Cognitive accuracy and intelligent executive function in the brain and in business.

This article reviews research on cognition, language, organizational culture, brain, behavior, and evolution to posit the value of operating with a stable reference point based on cognitive accuracy and a rational bias. Drawing on rational-emotive behavioral science, social neuroscience, and cognitive organizational science on the one hand and a general model of brain and frontal lobe executive function on the other, I suggest implications for organizational success. Cognitive thought processes depend on specific brain structures functioning as effectively as possible under conditions of cognitive accuracy.

Multisite controlled study of OROS methylphenidate in the treatment of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Despite the persistence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into adolescence, little is known about the efficacy and tolerability of stimulant medications in this age group.

Objective: To report the results of a multisite controlled study among adolescents with ADHD evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of osmotic-release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate.

Design: Adolescents (N = 220) having a confirmed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition diagnosis of ADHD underwent dose titration to identify dosages of OROS methylphenidate that improved symptoms to predefined criteria.

Current management of patients with patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke: our experience and review of the literature.

Background: Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) occurs in approximately 25% of the population and has been implicated in the etiology of cryptogenic stroke. Although the exact mechanism of PFO's role in stroke has not been defined, there is a growing body of evidence that supports both the safety and therapeutic benefit of PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke. Current methods of therapy include anticoagulation, surgical closure, and percutaneous closure.