Saving private W. H.: The surgical experiences of Dugald Blair Brown (1847-1896): Lieutenant-Colonel, FRCS, Edin., AMD.

Dugald Blair Brown, a military surgeon and Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, published twelve papers containing 77 case studies of gunshot wounds that he had treated in the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879 and in the First Anglo-Boer War of 1880-1881. Brown devised a "conservative" method of surgery, the early development of which had been influenced by Thomas Longmore (1816-1895), Joseph Lister (1827-1912), F. J.

Charles Hewitt Moore, FRCS (1821-1870): Medical innovator.

Charles Hewitt Moore, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, practiced at Middlesex and St. Luke's Hospitals and was administratively active in The Medical and Chirurgical Society. From 1851 to 1868, he demonstrated expertise in general surgery and the lymphatic system; on pelvic deformity and disease; on the vascular system and aneurisms; on the etiology of cancer; and on the neurophysiology of sleep.

Sir Marc Armand Ruffer, MD: The early years, 1878-1896.

A founder of paleopathology, the study of disease in ancient human remains, Sir Marc Armand Ruffer, MD (1859-1917) served in Egypt, from 1896 to 1917, as a public-health administrator, epidemiologist, and pathologist. He was professor of Bacteriology at the Cairo Medical School, President of the Sanitary, Maritime, and Quarantine Council, member of the Indian Plague Commission, and author or co-author of 40 papers in palaeopathology. However, little is known of his early professional life, which encompassed his education, medical training, and research in England and France.

Frederic E. Mohs, MD, and the history of zinc chloride.

The history of zinc chloride therapy before and including Frederic E. Mohs' (1910-2002) early contributions to dermatologic oncology is presented. In 1932, Mohs devised a method of cutaneous surgery that employed zinc-chloride paste to devitalize basal or squamous cell carcinoma.