Deep venous communication in vein of Galen malformations: incidence, Imaging, and Implications for treatment.

Background: Failure to appreciate deep venous drainage pathways is a major cause of severe complications in the endovascular treatment of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VOGMs).

Objective: To report deep venous drainage patterns in patients with VOGM, emphasizing the internal cerebral veins, and to describe the challenges in evaluating these.

Methods: Patients with VOGM presenting to our institute between 2000 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.

Congenital spine and spinal cord malformations--self-assessment module.

The educational objectives of this self-assessment module are for the participants to exercise, self-assess, and improve their understanding of the most important features of congenital spine and spinal cord malformations.

Predicting factors for the follow-up outcome and management decisions in vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations.

Purpose: Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) are choroidal arteriovenous malformations that develop during an early embryonic stage. Although recent reports have shown improved outcome for these patients, the overall outcome still is poor. In this study, we evaluated the clinical, imaging, and angiographic features that may predict the outcome in VGAM patients.

Malformations of cortical development.

Malformations of cortical development are an important cause of developmental delay and epilepsy. Proper identification of these malformations can greatly help in accurately counseling affected families and, in some cases, in the treatment of the epilepsy. Modem neuroimaging is an important tool in the diagnosis of these malformations.

Neuroimaging in disorders of cortical development.

Malformations of cortical development are important causes of developmental delay and epilepsy. They are classified by the presumed stage during which normal development is interrupted: neuronal proliferation and differentiation, neuronal migration, and late migration/cortical organization. This article discusses the important malformations in each of these groups, how and why the malformations develop, and their imaging findings.

Metabolic and electrophysiological alterations in subtypes of temporal lobe epilepsy: a combined proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and depth electrodes study.

Purpose: This study compared the metabolic regional alterations, characterized by proton magnetic spectroscopic imaging ((1)H-MRSI), with electrophysiological abnormalities recorded by using depth electrodes and with structural lesions, in patients with several subtypes of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Methods: Twenty-five subjects were investigated, including 15 controls and 10 patients with drug-resistant unilateral TLE, nine of whom had structural abnormalities identified by MRI. All patients underwent noninvasive presurgical evaluation and then stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG).