Sex-dependent effects of a high fat diet on metabolic disorders, intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota in mouse.

Obesity is often associated with sex-dependent metabolic complications, in which altered intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota contribute. We aimed to characterize in mice the sex-dependent effects of a high fat diet on these parameters. Male and female C57BL/6 mice received a standard (SD) or high fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal from fat) during 14 weeks (W14).

Sex-dependent circadian alterations of both central and peripheral clock genes expression and gut-microbiota composition during activity-based anorexia in mice.

Rationale: Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) often present sleep disorders and circadian hormonal dysregulation. The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the regulation of feeding behavior has emerged during the last decades but its relationships with the circadian rhythm remains poorly documented. Thus, we aimed to characterize the circadian clock genes expression in peripheral and central tissues in the activity-based anorexia mouse model (ABA), as well as the dynamics of the gut-microbiota composition.

Bladder-colon chronic cross-sensitization involves neuro-glial pathways in male mice.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome and bladder pain syndrome often overlap and are both characterized by visceral hypersensitivity. Since pelvic organs share common sensory pathways, it is likely that those syndromes involve a cross-sensitization of the bladder and the colon. The precise pathophysiology remains poorly understood.

Evaluation of a Supervised Adapted Physical Activity Program Associated or Not with Oral Supplementation with Arginine and Leucine in Subjects with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: In patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS), lifestyle interventions combining diet, in particular, and physical exercise are recommended as the first line treatment. Previous studies have suggested that leucine or arginine supplementation may have beneficial effects on the body composition or insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, respectively. We thus conducted a randomized controlled study to evaluate the effects of a supervised adapted physical activity program associated or not with oral supplementation with leucine and arginine in MetS-complicated patients with obesity.

A -Based Preparation Prevents the Impact of 5-FU on Activity/Exploration Behaviors and Not on Cognitive Functions Mitigating Gut Microbiota and Inflammation in Mice.

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) and fatigue constitute common complaints among cancer patient survivors. has been shown to be effective against fatigue in treated cancer patients. We developed a behavioral C57Bl/6j mouse model to study the role of a -based solution containing vitamin C (Qiseng) or vitamin C alone in activity/fatigue, emotional reactivity and cognitive functions impacted by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy.

Intestinal Epithelial Toll-like Receptor 4 Deficiency Modifies the Response to the Activity-Based Anorexia Model in a Sex-Dependent Manner: A Preliminary Study.

The role of microbiota in eating disorders has recently emerged. Previous data reported that lipopolysaccharides induce anorexia and a decrease of body weight through the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In the activity-based anorexia (ABA) mouse model, an increase of TLR4 expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) has been described.

Intestinal permeability and appetite regulating peptides-reactive immunoglobulins in severely malnourished women with anorexia nervosa.

Background & Aims: In the last decades, the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged in the regulation of eating behavior and in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) that remains poorly understood. Particularly, a gut-derived dysregulation of immune response has been proposed leading to immunoglobulins directed against appetite-regulating peptides. However, intestinal permeability in patients with anorexia nervosa has been poorly documented.

Magnetic resonance colonography assessment of acute trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis in pre-pubertal rats.

Pre-pubertal murine models of acute colitis are lacking. Magnetic resonance colonography (MRC) is a promising minimally invasive tool to assess colitis. We aimed to: 1/ Adapt a model of acute experimental colitis to pre-pubertal rats and determine whether MRC characteristics correlate with histological inflammation.

Dietary salt exacerbates intestinal fibrosis in chronic TNBS colitis via fibroblasts activation.

Intestinal fibrosis is a frequent complication in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It is a challenge to identify environmental factors such as diet that may be driving this risk. Intestinal fibrosis result from accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins secreted by myofibroblasts.

Gut microbiota depletion affects nutritional and behavioral responses to activity-based anorexia model in a sex-dependent manner.

Background & Aims: In the last decade, the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in eating behavior and anxiety-depressive disorders has gained increasing attention. Although a gut microbiota dysbiosis has been reported in anorectic patients, its pathophysiological role remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to characterize the potential role of gut microbiota by evaluating the effects of its depletion in the Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA) mouse model both in male and female mice.

A polymeric diet rich in transforming growth factor beta 2 does not reduce inflammation in chronic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis in pre-pubertal rats.

Background: Pediatric Crohn's disease is characterized by a higher incidence of complicated phenotypes. Murine models help to better understand the dynamic process of intestinal fibrosis and test therapeutic interventions. Pre-pubertal models are lacking.

Ghrelin inhibits autonomic response to gastric distension in rats by acting on vagal pathway.

Ghrelin is the only orexigenic peptide currently known and a potent prokinetic by promoting gastric motility but novel insights suggest that its role extends beyond satiety regulation. Whereas ghrelin was shown to provide somatic and colonic antinociception, its impact on gastric sensitivity is unknown even though stomach is a major ghrelin secreting tissue. Autonomic response to gastric mechanosensitivity was estimated by measuring blood pressure variation as a surrogate marker in response to gastric distension (GD) before and after ghrelin (or vehicle) administration.

Intestinal lymphatic alteration in mouse models of energy imbalance.

In obesity or anorexia, changes in body composition and mostly alterations in fat mass distribution are observed. The lymphatic system, which is implicated in fat absorption, might play a major role in the phenotype and development of these pathologies. In this study, two mice animal models were used: the high-fat diet model used for obesity and the activity-based anorexia model for anorexia.

Commensal Hafnia alvei strain reduces food intake and fat mass in obese mice-a new potential probiotic for appetite and body weight management.

Background/objectives: Based on the recent identification of E.coli heat shock protein ClpB as a mimetic of the anorexigenic α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), the objective of this study was to preclinically validate Hafnia alvei, a ClpB-producing commensal bacterium as a potential probiotic for appetite and body weight management in overweight and obesity.

Methods: The involvement of enterobacterial ClpB in the putative anti-obesity effects was studied using ClpB-deficient E.

Changes in Microbiota and Bacterial Protein Caseinolytic Peptidase B During Food Restriction in Mice: Relevance for the Onset and Perpetuation of Anorexia Nervosa.

Microbiota contributes to the regulation of eating behavior and might be implicated in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. ClpB (Caseinolytic peptidase B) protein produced mainly by the family has been identified as a conformational mimetic of α-MSH, which could result in similar anorexigenic effects. The aim of this study was to highlight the role of the microbiome and the ClpB protein in deregulation and self-maintenance of anorexia pathology.

Effects of Macronutrients on the In Vitro Production of ClpB, a Bacterial Mimetic Protein of α-MSH and Its Possible Role in Satiety Signaling.

Gut microbiota can influence the feeding behavior of the host, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Recently, caseinolytic protease B (ClpB), a disaggregation chaperon protein of , was identified as a conformational mimetic of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide. Importantly, ClpB was necessary for to have an anorexigenic effect in mice, suggesting that it may participate in satiety signaling.

Chronic colitis-induced visceral pain is associated with increased anxiety during quiescent phase.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by repetition of flares and remission periods leading to chronic postinflammatory sequelae. Among postinflammatory sequelae, one-third of patients with IBD are suffering from functional symptoms or psychological comorbidities that persist during remission. The aim of our study was to assess functional and behavioral sequelae of chronic colitis in rats with quiescent intestinal inflammation.

Colonic Mucosal Proteome Signature Reveals Reduced Energy Metabolism and Protein Synthesis but Activated Autophagy during Anorexia-Induced Malnutrition in Mice.

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder often associated with intestinal disorders. To explore the underlying mechanisms of these disorders, the colonic proteome was evaluated during activity-based anorexia. Female C57Bl/6 mice were randomized into three groups: Control, Limited Food Access (LFA) and Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA).

Alterations of proteome, mitochondrial dynamic and autophagy in the hypothalamus during activity-based anorexia.

Restrictive anorexia nervosa is associated with reduced eating and severe body weight loss leading to a cachectic state. Hypothalamus plays a major role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. In the present study, alterations of hypothalamic proteome and particularly of proteins involved in energy and mitochondrial metabolism have been observed in female activity-based anorexia (ABA) mice that exhibited a reduced food intake and a severe weight loss.

Dietary n-3 PUFA May Attenuate Experimental Colitis.

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) occurred in genetically predisposed people exposed to environmental triggers. Diet has long been suspected to contribute to the development of IBD. Supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) protects against intestinal inflammation in rodent models while clinical trials showed no benefits.

SPECT-computed tomography in rats with TNBS-induced colitis: A first step toward functional imaging.

Aim: To assess the feasibility of SPECT-computed tomography (CT) in rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute colitis and confront it with model inflammatory characteristics.

Methods: Colitis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intrarectal injection of TNBS ( = 10) while controls received vehicle ( = 10). SPECT-CT with intravenous injection of 10 MBq of 67Ga-Citrate was performed at day 2.

A role for intestinal TLR4-driven inflammatory response during activity-based anorexia.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and altered gut microbiota. However, the molecular origin of the inflammation remains unknown. Toll-like receptors are key regulators of innate immune response and their activation seems also to be involved in the control of food intake.

High-fat diet increases ghrelin-expressing cells in stomach, contributing to obesity.

Objectives: Mechanisms of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity may involve ghrelin, an orexigenic and adipogenic hormone secreted by the stomach. Previous studies showed that obese subjects may display higher numbers of ghrelin-producing cells and increased affinity of plasma immunoglobulins (Ig) for ghrelin, protecting it from degradation. The aim of this study was to determine if a HFD in mice would increase the number of ghrelin-expressing cells and affinity of ghrelin-reactive IgG.

Gut Commensal E. coli Proteins Activate Host Satiety Pathways following Nutrient-Induced Bacterial Growth.

The composition of gut microbiota has been associated with host metabolic phenotypes, but it is not known if gut bacteria may influence host appetite. Here we show that regular nutrient provision stabilizes exponential growth of E. coli, with the stationary phase occurring 20 min after nutrient supply accompanied by bacterial proteome changes, suggesting involvement of bacterial proteins in host satiety.

Glutamine Restores Tight Junction Protein Claudin-1 Expression in Colonic Mucosa of Patients With Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Background: Recent studies showed that patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) had an increased intestinal permeability as well as a decreased expression of tight junctions. Glutamine, the major substrate of rapidly dividing cells, is able to modulate intestinal permeability and tight junction expression in other diseases. We aimed to evaluate, ex vivo, glutamine effects on tight junction proteins, claudin-1 and occludin, in the colonic mucosa of patients with IBS-D.